WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (a.k.a. Essential Medicines List or EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system. The list is frequently used by countries to help develop their own local lists of essential medicines. As of 2016, more than 155 countries have created national lists of essential medicines based on the World Health Organization's model list. This includes both developed and developing countries.

The list is divided into core items and complementary items. The core items are deemed to be the most cost-effective options for key health problems and are usable with little additional health care resources. The complementary items either require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment or have a lower cost–benefit ratio. About 25% of items are in the complementary list. Some medications are listed as both core and complementary. While most medications on the list are available as generic products, being under patent does not prevent inclusion.

The first list was published in 1977 and included 208 medications. The WHO updates the list every two years. There are 306 medications in the 14th list in 2005, 410 in the 19th list in 2015, 433 in the 20th list in 2017, 460 in the 21st list in 2019, and 479 in the 22nd list in 2021. Various national lists contain between 334 and 580 medications. The Essential Medicines List (EML) was updated in September 2025 to its 24th edition. The list contains recommendations for 523 medications.

A separate list for children up to twelve years of age, known as the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc), was created in 2007, and is in its 10th edition. It was created to make sure that the needs of children were systematically considered such as availability of proper formulations. Everything in the children's list is also included in the main list. The list and notes are based on the 19th to 24th edition of the main list. Therapeutic alternatives with similar clinical performance are listed for some medicines and they may be considered for national essential medicines lists. The 10th Essential Medicines List for Children was updated in September 2025.

Note: An α indicates a medicine is on the complementary list.

Anaesthetics, preoperative medicines and medical gases

Inhalational medicines

• Isoflurane • Nitrous oxide • Oxygen • Sevoflurane

Injectable medicines

• Ketamine • Propofol

Local anaesthetics

• Bupivacaine • Lidocaine • Lidocaine/epinephrine (lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline))

• Ephedrineα

Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures

• Atropine • Midazolam • Morphine

Medicines for pain and palliative care

Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)

A skeletal model of the chemical structure of aspirin

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) • Ibuprofen • Paracetamol (acetaminophen)

Opioid analgesics

• Codeine • Fentanyl • Morphine

• Methadoneα

Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care

• Amitriptyline • Cyclizine • Dexamethasone • Diazepam • Docusate sodium • Fluoxetine • Haloperidol • Hyoscine butylbromide • Hyoscine hydrobromide • Lactulose • Loperamide • Metoclopramide • Midazolam • Ondansetron • Senna

Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

• Dexamethasone • Epinephrine (adrenaline) • Hydrocortisone • Loratadine • Prednisolone

Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings

Non-specific

• Charcoal, activated

Specific

• Acetylcysteine • Atropine • Calcium gluconate • Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue) • Naloxone • Penicillamine • Potassium ferric hexacyano-ferrate(II) -2H2O (prussian blue) • Sodium nitrite • Sodium thiosulfate

• Deferoxamineα • Dimercaprolα • Fomepizoleα • Sodium calcium edetateα • Succimerα

Medicines for neurological disorders

Antiseizure medicines

• Carbamazepine • Diazepam • Lamotrigine • Levetiracetam • Lorazepam • Magnesium sulfate • Midazolam • Phenobarbital • Phenytoin • Valproic acid (sodium valproate)

• Ethosuximideα • Levetiracetamα • Valproic acid (sodium valproate)α

Medicines for multiple sclerosis

• Cladribineα • Glatiramer acetateα • Rituximabα

Medicines for parkinsonism

• Biperiden • Levodopa/carbidopa (levodopa + carbidopa)

Medicines for acute migraine attacks

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) • Ibuprofen • Paracetamol (acetaminophen) • Sumatriptan

Medicines for cluster headache

• Prednisolone • Sumatriptan • Verapamil

Medicines for bacterial central nervous system infections

• Amoxicillin • Ampicillin • Benzylpenicillin • Cefotaxime • Ceftriaxone • Chloramphenicol • Gentamicin

• Meropenemα

Medicines for Guillain-Barré syndrome

• Normal immunoglobulinα

Medicines for myasthenia gravis

• Pyridostigmineα

Anti-infective medicines

Intestinal anthelminthics

A skeletal model of the chemical structure of albendazole

• Albendazole • Ivermectin • Levamisole • Mebendazole • Niclosamide • Praziquantel • Pyrantel

Antifilarials

• Albendazole • Diethylcarbamazine • Ivermectin

Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines

• Praziquantel • Triclabendazole

• Oxamniquineα

Cysticidal medicines

• Albendazoleα • Mebendazoleα • Praziquantelα

Access group antibiotics

This group includes antibiotics that have activity against a wide range of commonly encountered susceptible pathogens while also showing lower resistance potential than antibiotics in the other groups.

• Amikacin • Amoxicillin • Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) • Ampicillin • Benzathine benzylpenicillin • Benzylpenicillin • Cefalexin • Cefazolin • Chloramphenicol • Clindamycin • Cloxacillin • Doxycycline • Gentamicin • Metronidazole • Nitrofurantoin • Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) • Procaine benzylpenicillin • Spectinomycin • Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim) • Trimethoprim

Watch group antibiotics

This group includes antibiotic classes that have higher resistance potential and includes most of the highest priority agents among the Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine and/or antibiotics that are at relatively high risk of selection of bacterial resistance.

• Azithromycin • Cefixime • Cefotaxime • Ceftriaxone • Cefuroxime • Ciprofloxacin • Clarithromycin • Piperacillin/tazobactam (piperacillin + tazobactam) • Vancomycin

• Ceftazidimeα • Meropenemα • Vancomycinα

Reserve group antibiotics

This group includes antibiotics and antibiotic classes that should be reserved for treatment of confirmed or suspected infections due to multi-drug-resistant organisms. Complementary:

• Cefiderocolα • Ceftazidime/avibactam (ceftazidime + avibactam)α • Ceftolozane/tazobactam (ceftolozane + tazobactam)α • Colistinα • Fosfomycinα • Linezolidα • Meropenem/vaborbactam (meropenem + vaborbactam)α • Plazomicinα • Polymyxin Bα

Antileprosy medicines

• Clofazimine • Dapsone • Rifampicin

Antituberculosis medicines

Pure crystals of ethambutol

• Amikacin • Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) • Bedaquiline • Clofazimine • Cycloserine • Delamanid • Ethambutol • Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin) • Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin) • Ethionamide • Isoniazid • Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin) • Isoniazid/rifampicin (isoniazid + rifampicin) • Isoniazid/rifapentine (isoniazid + rifapentine) • Levofloxacin • Linezolid • Meropenem • Moxifloxacin • Moxifloxacin • P-aminosalicylic acid (p-aminosalicylate sodium) • Pretomanid • Pyrazinamide • Rifabutin • Rifampicin • Rifapentine • Streptomycin

Antifungal medicines

• Amphotericin B • Clotrimazole • Fluconazole • Flucytosine • Griseofulvin • Itraconazole • Nystatin • Voriconazole

• Micafunginα • Potassium iodideα

Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

• Abacavir • Lamivudine • Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate • Zidovudine

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

• Efavirenz • Nevirapine

Protease inhibitors

• Atazanavir/ritonavir (atazanavir + ritonavir) • Darunavir • Lopinavir/ritonavir (lopinavir + ritonavir) • Ritonavir

Integrase inhibitors

• Dolutegravir • Raltegravir

Fixed-dose combinations of antiretroviral medicines

• Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine (abacavir + dolutegravir + lamivudine) • Abacavir/lamivudine (abacavir + lamivudine) • Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir (dolutegravir + lamivudine + tenofovir) • Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir • Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir (efavirenz + lamivudine + tenofovir) • Emtricitabine/tenofovir (emtricitabine + tenofovir) • Lamivudine/zidovudine (lamivudine + zidovudine)

Medicines for prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections

• Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (isoniazid + pyridoxine + sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)

Other antivirals

• Oseltamivirα • Valganciclovirα

Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

• Entecavir • Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations

• Daclatasvir • Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir (daclatasvir + sofosbuvir) • Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (glecaprevir + pibrentasvir) • Ravidasvir • Sofosbuvir • Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir)

Non-pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations

• Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (ledipasvir + sofosbuvir)

Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines

• Diloxanide • Metronidazole

Antileishmaniasis medicines

• Amphotericin B • Meglumine antimoniate • Miltefosine • Paromomycin • Sodium stibogluconate

Medicines for curative treatment

• Artemether • Artemether/lumefantrine (artemether + lumefantrine) • Artesunate • Artesunate/amodiaquine (artesunate + amodiaquine) • Artesunate/mefloquine (artesunate + mefloquine) • Artesunate/pyronaridine tetraphosphate (artesunate + pyronaridine tetraphosphate) • Artesunate + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (Co-packaged) • Chloroquine • Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate (dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine phosphate) • Primaquine • Quinine

Medicines for chemoprevention

• Amodiaquine + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (Co-packaged) • Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)

Medicines for chemoprophylaxis in travellers

• Chloroquine • Doxycycline • Mefloquine

Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines

• Pyrimethamine • Sulfadiazine • Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)

• Pentamidineα

Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis

• Pentamidine • Suramin sodium

Medicines for the treatment of 2nd stage African trypanosomiasis

• Eflornithine • Melarsoprol • Nifurtimox

• Melarsoprolα

American trypanosomiasis

• Benznidazole • Nifurtimox

Medicines for Ebola virus disease

• Ansuvimab • Atoltivimab/maftivimab/odesivimab (atoltivimab + maftivimab + odesivimab)

Medicines for cystic fibrosis

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

• Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (elexacaftor + tezacaftor + ivacaftor) • Ivacaftor

• Pancreatic enzymesα

Immunomodulators and antineoplastics

Immunomodulators for non-malignant disease

• Adalimumabα • Azathioprineα • Ciclosporinα • Tacrolimusα

Cytotoxic medicines

• Arsenic trioxideα • Asparaginaseα • Bendamustineα • Bleomycinα • Calcium folinate (leucovorin calcium)α • Capecitabineα • Carboplatinα • Chlorambucilα • Cisplatinα • Cyclophosphamideα • Cytarabineα • Dacarbazineα • Dactinomycinα • Daunorubicinα • Docetaxelα • Doxorubicinα • Doxorubicin (as pegylated liposomal)α • Etoposideα • Fludarabineα • Fluorouracilα • Gemcitabineα • Hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea)α • Ifosfamideα • Irinotecanα • Melphalanα • Mercaptopurineα • Methotrexateα • Oxaliplatinα • Paclitaxelα • Pegaspargaseα • Procarbazineα • Realgar Indigo naturalis formulationα • Tioguanineα • Vinblastineα • Vincristineα • Vinorelbineα

Targeted therapies

• All-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin) (ATRA)α • Bortezomibα • Dasatinibα • Erlotinibα • Everolimusα • Ibrutinibα • Imatinibα • Nilotinibα • Rituximabα • Trastuzumabα

Immunomodulators

• Blinatumomabα • Filgrastimα • Lenalidomideα • Pegfilgrastimα • Pembrolizumabα • Pembrolizumabα • Pembrolizumabα • Thalidomideα

Hormones and antihormones

• Abirateroneα • Anastrozoleα • Bicalutamideα • Dexamethasoneα • Hydrocortisoneα • Leuprorelinα • Methylprednisoloneα • Prednisoloneα • Tamoxifenα

Supportive medicines

• Allopurinolα • Mesnaα • Rasburicaseα • Zoledronic acidα

Therapeutic foods

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

• Ready-to-use therapeutic food

Medicines affecting the blood

Antianaemia medicines

• Ferrous salt • Ferrous salt/folic acid (ferrous salt + folic acid) • Folic acid • Hydroxocobalamin

• Erythropoiesis-stimulating agentsα

Medicines affecting coagulation

• Dabigatran • Desmopressin • Emicizumab • Enoxaparin • Heparin sodium • Phytomenadione • Protamine sulfate • Tranexamic acid • Warfarin

• Heparin sodiumα • Protamine sulfateα • Warfarinα

Medicines for sickle-cell disease

• Deferasirox • Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)

• Deferoxamineα

Medicines for thalassaemias

• Deferoxamineα

Blood products, coagulation factors and plasma substitutes

Blood and blood components

• Cryoprecipitate, pathogen-reduced • Fresh frozen plasma • Platelets • Red blood cells • Whole blood

Human immunoglobulins

• Anti-D immunoglobulin • Anti-rabies immunoglobulin • Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin

• Normal immunoglobulinα

Coagulation factors

• Coagulation factor VIII, plasma-derived • Coagulation factor IX, plasma-derived • Coagulation factor VIII, recombinant • Coagulation factor IX, recombinant

Cardiovascular medicines

Antianginal medicines

• Bisoprolol • Glyceryl trinitrate • Isosorbide dinitrate • Verapamil

Antiarrhythmic medicines

• Bisoprolol • Digoxin • Epinephrine (adrenaline) • Lidocaine • Verapamil

• Amiodaroneα

Antihypertensive medicines

• Amlodipine • Bisoprolol • Enalapril • Hydralazine • Hydrochlorothiazide • Lisinopril/amlodipine (lisinopril + amlodipine) • Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide) • Losartan • Methyldopa • Perindopril/amlodipine/indapamide (perindopril + amlodipine + indapamide) • Telmisartan/amlodipine (telmisartan + amlodipine) • Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide (telmisartan + hydrochlorothiazide) • Valsartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide (valsartan + amlodipine + hydrochlorothiazide)

• Sodium nitroprussideα

Medicines used in heart failure

• Bisoprolol • Digoxin • Enalapril • Furosemide • Hydrochlorothiazide • Losartan • Spironolactone

• Digoxinα • Dopamineα

Anti-platelet medicines

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) • Clopidogrel

Thrombolytic medicines

• Alteplaseα • Streptokinaseα

Fixed-dose combinations of various agents for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (also referred to as "polypills")

The first patent, Liang MH, Manson JE. (US Patent No. 6,576,256) [“Polypill”]. Treatment of patients at Elevated Cardiovascular Risk with a Combination of a Cholesterol Lowering Agent, an Inhibitor of the Renin-Angiotensin System, and Aspirin, submitted 2001; awarded and assigned to Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 2003.

• Acetylsalicylic acid/atorvastatin/ramipril (acetylsalicylic acid + atorvastatin + ramipril) • Acetylsalicylic acid/simvastatin/ramipril/atenolol/hydrochlorothiazide (acetylsalicylic acid + simvastatin + ramipril + atenolol + hydrochlorothiazide) • Atorvastatin/perindopril/amlodipine (atorvastatin + perindopril + amlodipine)

Dermatological medicines

Antifungal medicines

• Miconazole • Selenium sulfide • Sodium thiosulfate • Terbinafine

Anti-infective medicines

• Mupirocin • Potassium permanganate • Silver sulfadiazine

Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

• Betamethasone • Calamine • Hydrocortisone

Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

• Benzoyl peroxide • Calcipotriol • Coal tar • Fluorouracil • Podophyllum resin • Salicylic acid • Urea

• Adalimumabα • Methotrexateα • Ustekinumabα

Scabicides and pediculicides

• Benzyl benzoate • Permethrin

Diagnostic agents

Ophthalmic medicines

• Fluorescein • Tropicamide

Radiocontrast media

• Amidotrizoate • Barium sulfate • Iohexol

• Barium sulfateα • Meglumine iotroxateα

Antiseptics and disinfectants

Antiseptics

• Chlorhexidine • Ethanol • Povidone iodine

Disinfectants

• Alcohol based hand rub • Chlorine base compound • Chloroxylenol • Glutaral • Hypochlorous acid

Diuretics

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

• Amiloride • Furosemide • Hydrochlorothiazide • Mannitol • Spironolactone

• Hydrochlorothiazideα • Mannitolα • Spironolactoneα

Gastrointestinal medicines

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

• Pancreatic enzymesα

Antiulcer medicines

• Omeprazole • Ranitidine

Antiemetic medicines

• Dexamethasone • Metoclopramide • Ondansetron

• Aprepitantα

Anti-inflammatory medicines

• Hydrocortisoneα • Prednisoloneα

Medicines used in diarrhea

• Oral rehydration salts + zinc sulfate (Co-packaged)

Oral rehydration

• Oral rehydration salts

Medicines for diarrhoea

• Zinc sulfate

Medicines for endocrine disorders

Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes

• Fludrocortisone • Hydrocortisone • Prednisolone

Androgens

• Testosteroneα

Progestogens

• Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Insulins

• Insulin (analogue, long-acting) • Insulin (analogue, rapid-acting) • Insulin (human, intermediate-acting) • Insulin (human, short-acting)

Hypoglycaemic agents

• Empagliflozin • Gliclazide • Metformin • Semaglutide

• Metforminα

Medicines for hypoglycaemia

• Diazoxideα

Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

• Levothyroxine • Potassium iodide • Methimazole • Propylthiouracil

• Iodine + potassium iodide (Lugol's solution)α • Methimazoleα • Potassium iodideα • Propylthiouracilα

Medicines for disorders of the pituitary hormone system

• Octreotideα

Immunologicals

Diagnostic agents

• Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)

Sera, immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies

• Anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies • Antivenom immunoglobulin • Diphtheria antitoxin • Equine rabies immunoglobulin

Vaccines

• BCG vaccine • Cholera vaccine • Dengue vaccine • Diphtheria vaccine • Ebola vaccine • Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine • Hepatitis A vaccine • Hepatitis B vaccine • Hepatitis E vaccine • Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine • Influenza vaccine (seasonal) • Japanese encephalitis vaccine • Malaria vaccine • Measles vaccine • Meningococcal meningitis vaccine • Mpox vaccine • Mumps vaccine • Pertussis vaccine • Pneumococcal vaccine • Poliomyelitis vaccine • Rabies vaccine • Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine • Rotavirus vaccine • Rubella vaccine • Tetanus vaccine • Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine • Typhoid vaccine • Varicella vaccine • Yellow fever vaccine

Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

• Atracurium • Neostigmine • Suxamethonium • Vecuronium

• Pyridostigmineα • Vecuroniumα

Ophthalmological preparations

Anti-infective agents

• Aciclovir • Azithromycin • Erythromycin • Gentamicin • Natamycin • Ofloxacin • Tetracycline

Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

• Acetazolamide • Latanoprost • Pilocarpine • Timolol

Mydriatics

• Epinephrine (adrenaline)α

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparations

• Bevacizumabα

Medicines for reproductive health and perinatal care

Oral hormonal contraceptives

• Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel (ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel) • Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone (ethinylestradiol + norethisterone) • Levonorgestrel • Ulipristal

Injectable hormonal contraceptives

• Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate (estradiol cypionate + medroxyprogesterone acetate) • Medroxyprogesterone acetate • Norethisterone enantate

Intrauterine devices

• Copper-containing device • Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

Barrier methods

• Condoms • Diaphragms

Implantable contraceptives

• Etonogestrel-releasing implant • Levonorgestrel-releasing implant

Intravaginal contraceptives

• Ethinylestradiol/etonogestrel (ethinylestradiol + etonogestrel) • Progesterone vaginal ring

Ovulation inducers

• Clomifeneα • Letrozoleα

Uterotonics

• Carbetocin • Ergometrine • Misoprostol • Oxytocin

Medicines for medical abortion

• Mifepristone + misoprostol (Co-packaged) • Misoprostol

Other medicines administered to the mother

• Dexamethasone • Multiple micronutrient supplement • Tranexamic acid

Medicines administered to the neonate

• Caffeine citrate • Chlorhexidine

• Alprostadil (prostaglandin E1)α • Beractantα • Ibuprofenα • Poractant alfaα

Peritoneal dialysis solution

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

• Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition in accordance with local clinical guidelines.)α

Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders

Medicines used in psychotic disorders

• Fluphenazine • Haloperidol • Olanzapine • Paliperidone • Risperidone

• Clozapineα

Medicines used in depressive disorders

• Amitriptyline • Fluoxetine

Medicines used in bipolar disorders

• Carbamazepine • Lithium carbonate • Quetiapine • Valproic acid (sodium valproate)

Medicines for anxiety disorders

• Diazepam • Fluoxetine

Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders

• Clomipramine • Fluoxetine

Medicines for alcohol use disorders

• Acamprosate calcium • Naltrexone

Medicines for nicotine use disorders

• Bupropion • Cytisine (cytisinicline) • Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) • Varenicline

Medicines for opioid use disorders

• Methadoneα

Medicines acting on the respiratory tract

Antiasthmatic medicines and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• Budesonide • Budesonide/formoterol (budesonide + formoterol) • Epinephrine (adrenaline) • Ipratropium bromide • Salbutamol • Tiotropium

Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances

Oral

• Oral rehydration salts • Potassium chloride

Parenteral

• Glucose • Glucose with sodium chloride • Potassium chloride • Sodium chloride • Sodium hydrogen carbonate • Sodium lactate, compound solution (Ringer's lactate solution)

Miscellaneous

• Water for injection

Vitamins and minerals

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

• Ascorbic acid • Calcium • Cholecalciferol • Ergocalciferol • Iodine • Multiple micronutrient powder • Nicotinamide • Pyridoxine • Retinol • Riboflavin • Thiamine

• Calcium gluconateα

Ear, nose and throat medicines

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

• Acetic acid • Budesonide • Ciprofloxacin • Xylometazoline

Medicines for diseases of joints

Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

• Azathioprineα • Hydroxychloroquineα • Methotrexateα • Penicillamineα • Sulfasalazineα

Medicines for juvenile joint diseases

• Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) • Adalimumabα • Methotrexateα • Triamcinolone hexacetonideα

Dental medicines and preparations

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

• Fluoride • Glass ionomer cement • Resin-based composite (low-viscosity) • Resin-based composite (high-viscosity) • Silver diamine fluoride