Unitary parliamentary republic

A unitary parliamentary republic is a type of unitary state with a republican form of government in which political authority is entrusted to the parliament by multiple electoral districts throughout a country. In this system, voters elect members of parliament, who then make legislative decisions on behalf of their constituents.

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Unitary parliamentary republic

The legislature in a parliamentary republic may consist of one or more separate assemblies, houses, or chambers. This distinction is called a cameral structure and according to it, a republic may be unicameral (just a single assembly), bicameral (two assemblies), or tricameral (three assemblies).

List of unitary parliamentary republics

Unitary parliamentary republic

<table><thead><tr><th>Country</th><th>Formerly</th><th>Parliamentary republic adopted</th><th>Head of state elected by</th><th>Cameral structure</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Albania</td><td>One-party state</td><td>1991</td><td>Parliament, by majority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Armenia</td><td>Semi-presidential republic</td><td>2018</td><td>Parliament, by majority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Bangladesh</td><td>Semi-presidential republic</td><td>1991</td><td>Parliament</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Barbados</td><td>Constitutional monarchy</td><td>2021</td><td>Parliament, by two-thirds majority if there is no joint nomination</td><td>Bicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Botswana</td><td>British protectorate (Bechuanaland Protectorate)</td><td>1966</td><td>Parliament, by majority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Bulgaria</td><td>One-party state</td><td>1989</td><td>Direct election, by second-round system</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Croatia</td><td>Semi-presidential republic</td><td>2000</td><td>Direct election, by second-round system</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Czech Republic</td><td>One-party state (part of Czechoslovakia)</td><td>1989 (independent since 1993)</td><td>Direct election, by second-round system (since 2013; previously parliament, by majority)</td><td>Bicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Dominica</td><td>Associated state of the United Kingdom</td><td>1978</td><td>Parliament, by majority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Estonia</td><td>Occupied by the Soviet Union (one party state)</td><td>1918</td><td>Parliament, by two-thirds majority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Fiji</td><td>Military dictatorship</td><td>2014</td><td>Parliament, by majority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Finland</td><td>Semi-presidential republic</td><td>2000</td><td>Direct election, by second-round system</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Georgia</td><td>Representative Democracy Governed as a Unitary Parliamentary Republic.</td><td>1921</td><td>Direct election, led by a group of people called “parliaments”</td><td>Bicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Greece</td><td>Military dictatorship; Constitutional monarchy</td><td>1975</td><td>Parliament, by supermajority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Hungary</td><td>One-party state</td><td>1990</td><td>Parliament, by absolute majority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Iceland</td><td>Formerly part of Denmark; Constitutional monarchy</td><td>1944</td><td>Direct election, by first-past-the-post</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Republic of Ireland</td><td>Coalition</td><td>1949</td><td>Direct election, by instant-runoff vote</td><td>Bicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Israel</td><td>British Protectorate</td><td>1948</td><td>Parliament, by majority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Italy</td><td>Constitutional monarchy</td><td>1946</td><td>Parliament, by absolute majority</td><td>Bicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Kiribati</td><td>Protectorate</td><td>1979</td><td>Direct election, by first-past-the-post vote</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Latvia</td><td>Occupied by the Soviet Union (one party state)</td><td>1918</td><td>Parliament</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Lebanon</td><td>Protectorate (French mandate of Lebanon)</td><td>1941</td><td>Parliament</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>North Macedonia</td><td>One-party state (part of Yugoslavia)</td><td>1991</td><td>Direct election, by second-round system</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Malta</td><td>Constitutional monarchy</td><td>1974</td><td>Parliament, by majority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Marshall Islands</td><td>UN Trust Territory (part of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)</td><td>1979</td><td>Parliament</td><td>Bicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Mauritius</td><td>Constitutional monarchy</td><td>1992</td><td>Parliament, by majority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Moldova</td><td>Semi-presidential republic</td><td>2001</td><td>Direct election, by second-round system</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Montenegro</td><td>One-party state (Part of Yugoslavia, and after Serbia and Montenegro)</td><td>1992 (independent since 2006)</td><td>Direct election, by second-round system</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Nauru</td><td>Australian Trust Territory</td><td>1968</td><td>Parliament</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Poland</td><td>One-party state</td><td>1989</td><td>Direct election</td><td>Bicameral</td></tr><tr><td>San Marino</td><td>Autocracy (part of the Roman Empire)</td><td>301</td><td>Parliament</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Serbia</td><td>One-party state (part of Yugoslavia)</td><td>1991 (independent since 2006)</td><td>Direct election, by second-round system</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Singapore</td><td>Constitutional monarchy (part of Malaysia)</td><td>1965</td><td>Direct election (since 1993)</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Slovakia</td><td>One-party state (part of Czechoslovakia)</td><td>1989 (independent since 1993)</td><td>Direct election, by second-round system (since 1999; previously by parliament)</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Slovenia</td><td>One-party state (part of Yugoslavia)</td><td>1991</td><td>Direct election, by second-round system</td><td>Bicameral</td></tr><tr><td>South Africa</td><td>Constitutional monarchy</td><td>1961</td><td>Parliament, by majority</td><td>Bicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Suriname</td><td>Military dictatorship</td><td>1987</td><td>Parliament, by majority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Republic of China (Taiwan)</td><td>One-party military dictatorship (Mainland) Constitutional monarchy (Taiwan)</td><td>1946</td><td>Electoral college, directly elected by the electorate</td><td>Tricameral</td></tr><tr><td>Trinidad and Tobago</td><td>Constitutional monarchy</td><td>1976</td><td>Parliament</td><td>Bicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Togo</td><td>Presidential republic</td><td>2024</td><td>Parliament</td><td>Bicameral</td></tr><tr><td>Vanuatu</td><td>British–French condominium (New Hebrides)</td><td>1980</td><td>Parliament and regional council presidents, by majority</td><td>Unicameral</td></tr></tbody></table>