Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (1443 – 21 May 1524), styled Earl of Surrey from 1483 to 1485 and again from 1489 to 1514, was an English nobleman, soldier and statesman who served four monarchs. He was the eldest son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Catharina de Moleyns. The Duke was the grandfather of both Queen Anne Boleyn and Queen Catherine Howard and the great-grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I. In 1513, he led the English to victory over the Scots at the decisive Battle of Flodden, for which he was richly rewarded by King Henry VIII, then away in France.

Early life

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Thomas Howard was born in 1443 at Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk, the only surviving son of John Howard, later 1st Duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Katherine, the daughter of Sir William Moleyns and his wife Margery. He was educated at Thetford Grammar School.

Service under Edward IV

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

While a young man, he entered the service of King Edward IV as a henchman. Howard took the King's side when war broke out in 1469 with the Earl of Warwick, and took sanctuary at Colchester when the King fled to Holland in 1470. Howard rejoined the royal forces at Edward's return to England in 1471, and was severely wounded at the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471. He was appointed an esquire of the body in 1473. On 14 January 1478 he was knighted by Edward IV at the marriage of the King's second son, the young Duke of York, and Lady Anne Mowbray (died 1481).

Service under Richard III

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

A painting by Mather Brown depicting Norfolk defending his allegiance to Richard III before Henry VII, after the Battle of Bosworth Field. The Tower of London is in the background.

After the death of Edward IV on 9 April 1483, Thomas Howard and his father John supported Richard III. Thomas bore the Sword of State at Richard's coronation and served as steward at the coronation banquet. Both Thomas and his father were granted lands by the new King, and Thomas was also granted an annuity of £1000. On 28 June 1483, John Howard was created Duke of Norfolk, while Thomas was created Earl of Surrey. Surrey was also sworn of the Privy Council and invested with the Order of the Garter. In the autumn of that year Norfolk and Surrey suppressed a rebellion against the King by the Duke of Buckingham. Both Howards remained close to King Richard throughout his two-year reign, and fought for him at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, where Surrey was wounded and taken prisoner, and his father killed. Surrey was attainted in the first Parliament of the new King, Henry VII, stripped of his lands, and committed to the Tower of London, where he spent the next three years.

Service under Henry VII

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Howard was offered an opportunity to escape during the rebellion of the Earl of Lincoln in 1487, but refused, perhaps thereby convincing Henry VII of his loyalty. In May 1489 Henry restored him to the earldom of Surrey, although most of his lands were withheld, and sent him to quell a rebellion in Yorkshire. Surrey remained in the north as the King's lieutenant until 1499. He and his family lived in Sheriff Hutton Castle while in the North. In 1496/7 he was given a command against invading Scots and took his sons Thomas and Edward with him. Surrey knighted both of them on 30 September 1497 at Ayton Castle, on the same day the treaty of Ayton was signed at the nearby church.

In 1499, Surrey was recalled to court, and accompanied the King on a state visit to France in the following year. In 1501 he was again appointed a member of the Privy Council, and on 16 June of that year was made Lord High Treasurer. Surrey, Richard Foxe (Bishop of Winchester and Lord Privy Seal) and William Warham (Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor), became the King's "executive triumvirate". He was entrusted with a number of diplomatic missions. In 1501, he was involved in the negotiations for Katherine of Aragon's marriage to Arthur, Prince of Wales, and in 1503 conducted Margaret Tudor to Scotland for her marriage to King James IV. Margaret found Howard rude and overbearing on the journey and resented his monopolisation of her new husband after the wedding.

Service under Henry VIII

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Howard augmentation of honour, awarded to Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk after the Battle of Flodden (1513): Or, a demi-lion rampant pierced through the mouth by an arrow within a double tressure flory-counterflory-gules, to be borne on the bend in the Howard arms

Norfolk's Coat of arms with "Flodden augmentation"

Surrey was an executor of the will of King Henry VII when the King died on 21 April 1509, and played a prominent role in the coronation of King Henry VIII, in which he served as Earl Marshal. He challenged Thomas Wolsey in an effort to become the new King's first minister, but eventually accepted Wolsey's supremacy. Surrey expected to lead the 1513 expedition to France, but was left behind when the King departed for Calais on 30 June 1513. Shortly thereafter King James IV of Scotland launched an invasion into England, and Surrey, with the aid of other noblemen and his sons Thomas and Edmund, crushed James's much larger force at the Battle of Flodden, near Branxton, Northumberland, on 9 September 1513. The Scots may have lost as many as 10,000 men, and King James was killed. The victory at Flodden brought Surrey great popular renown and royal rewards. On 1 February 1514, at the age of 71, he was created 2nd Duke of Norfolk, his late father's title, and his son Thomas was made Earl of Surrey. Both were granted lands and annuities, and the Howard arms were augmented in honour of Flodden with an inescutcheon bearing the lion of Scotland pierced through the mouth with an arrow.

Final years

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

In the final decade of his life, Norfolk continued his career as a courtier, diplomat and soldier. In 1514 he joined Wolsey and Foxe in negotiating the marriage of Mary Tudor to King Louis XII of France, and escorted her to France for the wedding. On 1 May 1517, he led a private army of 1,300 retainers into London to suppress the Evil May Day riots. In May 1521 he presided as Lord High Steward over the trial of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, father of Norfolk's daughter-in-law, Elizabeth. According to David M. Head, "he pronounced the sentence of death with tears streaming down his face".

By the spring of 1522, Norfolk was almost 80 years of age and in failing health. He withdrew from court, resigned as Lord Treasurer in favour of his son in December of that year, and after attending the opening of Parliament in April 1523, retired to his ducal castle at Framlingham in Suffolk where he died on 21 May 1524. His funeral and burial on 22 June at Thetford Priory were said to have been "spectacular and enormously expensive, costing over £1300 and including a procession of 400 hooded men bearing torches and an elaborate bier surmounted with 100 wax effigies and 700 candles", befitting the richest and most powerful peer in England. After the dissolution of Thetford Priory, the Howard tombs were moved to the Church of St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham. A now-lost monumental brass depicting the 2nd Duke was formerly in the Church of St. Mary at Lambeth.

Marriages and issue

Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk

Right: Elizabeth Tilney, first wife of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. On her kirtle, she displays her paternal arms Azure a chevron between three griffin's heads erased or (Tilney) and on her mantle the quartered arms of Howard (1&4: Gules a bend between six cross crosslets fitchy argent (Howard); 2&3: grand quarterly first and fourth Brotherton second and third Mowbray). Below is inscribed in Latin: Elizabeta nat(a) Tilney ux(or) Thomae Howard ("Elizabeth born Tilney wife of Thomas Howard"). Left: Elizabeth Talbot de Mowbray, Duchess of Norfolk. Stained glass in Holy Trinity Church, Long Melford, Suffolk

On 30 April 1472, Howard married Elizabeth Tilney, the daughter of Sir Frederick Tilney of Ashwellthorpe, Norfolk, and widow of Sir Humphrey Bourchier, slain at Barnet, son and heir apparent of Sir John Bourchier, 1st Baron Berners. They had issue:

• Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk • Sir Edward Howard • Lord Edmund Howard, father of Henry VIII's fifth Queen, Katherine Howard • Sir John Howard 1482-1530 • Henry Howard • Charles Howard • Henry Howard (the younger) • Richard Howard • Elizabeth Howard, married Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and was mother of Queen Anne Boleyn, and grandmother of Queen Elizabeth. • Muriel Howard (died 1512), married firstly John Grey, 2nd Viscount Lisle (died 1504), and secondly Sir Thomas Knyvet

Norfolk's first wife died on 4 April 1497, and on 8 November 1497 he married, by dispensation dated 17 August 1497, her cousin, Agnes Tilney, the daughter of Hugh Tilney of Skirbeck and Boston, Lincolnshire and Eleanor, a daughter of Walter Tailboys. They had issue:

• William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham • Lord Thomas Howard (1511–1537) • Richard Howard (died 1517) • Dorothy Howard, married Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby • Anne Howard, married John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford • Katherine Howard, married firstly, Rhys ap Gruffydd. Married secondly, Henry Daubeney, 1st Earl of Bridgewater. • Elizabeth Howard (died 1536), married Henry Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Sussex.

Note: Thomas Howard indeed had two living daughters named Elizabeth Howard and two living sons named Thomas Howard. It is unclear if he had two sons named Richard as well or if it was the same person. In the Dukes of Norfolk family tree, there is clearly a mistake. Richard Howard is there linked to Agnes Tilney (2nd wife of Thomas Howard), yet is said to born in 1487, which is impossible to be true, as at the time Thomas Howard was married to Elizabeth Tilney.

Sketch of the grave of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk. He was originally buried at Thetford St. Mary's Priory Church, but was removed by his son after the dissolution of that house in 1537, and may have been moved to Lambeth, but no trace of his tomb was to be found when John Aubrey visited there in the 1690s. The church itself was substantially rebuilt.

Family

Family tree

<table><thead><tr><th> Family tree of the Dukes of Norfolk; Earls of Arundel, East Anglia, Norfolk, Norwich, Nottingham, and Surrey; and Barons Mowbray, Segrave and Stourton</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earl of East Anglia (Earls of Norfolk and Suffolk) (1st creation), before 1069</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Ralph the Staller c. 1011–1068 1st Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk, or of the East Angles c. 1066/67–1068</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earl of Surrey (1st creation), c. 1088</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Ralph de Gael c. 1040 – c. 1096 2nd Earl of Norfolk and Suffolk, or of the East Angles until 1074</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Roger Bigod of Norfolk d. 1107</td><td></td><td>William de Warenne c. 1035–1088 1st Earl (of) Warenne / Earl of Surrey, Lord of Lewes, Seigneur de Varennes</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earldom forfeit, 1074</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earl of Norfolk (2nd creation), 1141</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>King Henry I c. 1068–1135</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Maud Bigod</td><td></td><td>Hugh Bigod 1095–1177 1st Earl of Norfolk 1141–1177</td><td></td><td>William de Warenne d. 1138 2nd Earl (of) Warenne / Earl of Surrey</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex (1st creations), c. 1138</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Empress Matilda c. 1102–1167</td><td></td><td>Geoffrey Plantagenet 1113–1251 Count of Anjou</td><td></td><td></td><td>Adeliza of Louvain c. 1103–1151</td><td></td><td>William d'Aubigny c. 1109–1176 1st Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex, Earl of Lincoln</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>William de Warenne 1119–1148 3rd Earl of Surrey</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>King Henry II 1133–1189</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>William d'Aubigny b. c. 1138/1150–1176 2nd Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex</td><td></td><td>Roger Bigod c. 1144/1150–1221 2nd Earl of Norfolk 1189–1221 (disputed 1177–1189</td><td></td><td>William of Blois c. 1137–1159</td><td></td><td>Isabel de Warenne c. 1130 – 1203 4th Countess of Surrey suo jure</td><td></td><td>Hamelin de Warenne c. 1130–1202 Comte de Warenne / Earl of Surrey, jure uxoris</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>King John 1166/1167–1216</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>William d'Aubigny before 1180–1221 3rd Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Hugh Bigod 1186–1225 3rd Earl of Norfolk 1221–1225</td><td></td><td>Maud Marshal 1192–1248</td><td></td><td>William de Warenne c. 1160s/1170s–1240 5th Earl of Surrey</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>William d'Aubigny c. 1203–before 1224 4th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex</td><td></td><td>Hugh d'Aubigny d. 1243 5th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex</td><td></td><td>Isabel d'Aubigny</td><td></td><td>John Fitzalan 1200–1240 3rd Lord of Clun and Oswestry</td><td></td><td>Roger Bigod c. 1209–1270 4th Earl of Norfolk 1233–1270</td><td></td><td>Hugh Bigod c. 1211–1266</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>King Henry III 1207–1272</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>John Fitzalan 1223–1267 6th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex, jure matris</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>John de Warenne 1231–1304 6th Earl of Surrey</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Baron Segrave of Se(a)grave, 1283</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Nicholas Segrave c. 1238–bef. 1295 1st Baron Segrave</td><td></td><td>King Edward I 1239–1307</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Edmund Crouchback 1245–1296 Earl of Lancaster</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>John Fitzalan 1246–1272 7th Earl of Arundel, Earl of Sussex, jure matris</td><td></td><td>Roger Bigod c. 1245–1306 5th Earl of Norfolk 1270–1306</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earldom extinct, 1270</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Baron Mowbray, 1283</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earl of Arundel (2nd (1st by writ) creation), 1289</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>John Segrave c. 1256–1325 2nd Baron Segrave</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Roger de Mowbray 1254–1297 1st Baron Mowbray</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Richard Fitzalan 1267–1302 1st (or 6th) Earl of Arundel</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>William de Warenne 1256–1286</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earl of Norfolk (3rd creation), 1312</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Stephen Segrave d. 1325 3rd Baron Segrave</td><td></td><td>Thomas of Brotherton 1300–1338 1st Earl of Norfolk 1312–1338</td><td></td><td>John Mowbray 1286–1322 2nd Baron Mowbray</td><td></td><td>Henry c. 1281–1345 Earl of Leicester and Lancaster</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Edmund Fitzalan 1286–1326 2nd (or 7th) Earl of Arundel</td><td></td><td>Alice de Warenne 1287–1388 heir apparent to the Earldom of Surrey</td><td></td><td>John de Warenne 1286–1347 7th Earl of Surrey</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earldom of Arundel (2nd creation) forfeit, 1326</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earldom of Arundel (2nd creation) restored, 1331</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>John Segrave 1315–1353 4th Baron Segrave</td><td></td><td>Margaret of Brotherton 1320–1399 2nd Countess of Norfolk 1338–1399, Duchess of Norfolk "for life" 1397–1399</td><td></td><td>John Mowbray 1310–1361 3rd Baron Mowbray</td><td></td><td>Joan of Lancaster c. 1312–1349</td><td></td><td>Eleanor of Lancaster 1318–1372</td><td></td><td>Richard FitzAlan c. 1313–1376 3rd (or 8th) Earl of Arundel, 8th Earl of Surrey</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Baron Arundel, 1377</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Elizabeth de Segrave 1338–1368 5th Baroness Segrave</td><td></td><td>John de Mowbray 1340–1368 4th Baron Mowbray</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Richard FitzAlan 1346–1397 4th (or 9th) Earl of Arundel, 9th Earl of Surrey</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>John FitzAlan c. 1348–1379 1st Baron Arundel</td><td></td><td>Alice FitzAlan</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earldom of Arundel (2nd creation) forfeit, 1397</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earl of Nottingham (1st creation), 1377</td><td></td><td>Earl of Nottingham (2nd creation), 1383 Duke of Norfolk (1st creation), 1397</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Duke of Surrey, 1397</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>John de Mowbray 1365–1383 1st Earl of Nottingham, 6th Baron Segrave, 5th Baron Mowbray</td><td></td><td>Thomas de Mowbray 1366–1399 1st Duke of Norfolk 1397–1399, 3rd Earl of Norfolk 1399, 7th Baron Segrave, 6th Baron Mowbray</td><td></td><td>Elizabeth Fitzalan 1366–1425</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>John FitzAlan 1364–1390 2nd Baron Arundel</td><td></td><td>Thomas Holland 1372–1400 Duke of Surrey, 3rd Earl of Kent, 4th Baron Holland</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earldom of Nottingham extinct, 1383</td><td></td><td>Titles forfeit, 1399</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Dukedom of Surrey extinct, 1400</td></tr><tr><td>Baron Stourton, 1448</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Duke of Norfolk (1st creation restored), 1425</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earldom of Arundel (2nd creation) restored, 1400</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>John Stourton 1400–1462 1st Baron Stourton, 1448–1462</td><td></td><td>Thomas de Mowbray 1385–1405 4th Earl of Norfolk, 8th Baron Segrave, 7th Baron Mowbray 1399–1405</td><td></td><td>John de Mowbray 1392–1432 2nd Duke of Norfolk 1425–1432, 5th Earl of Norfolk, 9th Baron Segrave, 8th Baron Mowbray 1405–1432</td><td></td><td>Margaret de Mowbray c. 1388–1459</td><td></td><td>Robert Howard 1385–1436</td><td></td><td>Isabel de Mowbray c. 1400–1452</td><td></td><td>Thomas FitzAlan 1381–1415 5th (or 10th) Earl of Arundel, 10th Earl of Surrey</td><td></td><td>John Fitzalan 1385–1421 6th (or 11th) Earl of Arundel, 3rd Baron Arundel, 3rd Baron Maltravers</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Duke of Norfolk (4th creation), 1483</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>William Stourton before 1426–1478 2nd Baron Stourton, 1462–1478</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>John de Mowbray 1415–1461 3rd Duke of Norfolk, 6th Earl of Norfolk, 10th Baron Segrave, 9th Baron Mowbray 1432–1461</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>John Howard 1425–1485 1st Duke of Norfolk, 13th Baron Segrave, 12th Baron Mowbray 1483–1485</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>John Fitzalan 1408–1435 7th (or 12th) Earl of Arundel, 4th Baron Arundel, 4th Baron Maltravers</td><td></td><td>William Fitzalan 1417–1487 9th (or 14th) Earl of Arundel, 6th Baron Arundel, 6th Baron Maltravers</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Titles forfeit, 1485</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earl of Surrey (2nd creation), 1451</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Duke of Norfolk (4th creation) restored and Earl of Surrey, 1514</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>John Stourton c. 1454–1485 3rd Baron Stourton, 1479–1485</td><td></td><td>William Stourton c. 1457–1524 5th Baron Stourton, 1487–1524</td><td></td><td></td><td>John de Mowbray 1444–1476 4th Duke of Norfolk, 7th Earl of Norfolk, Earl of Surrey, 11th Baron Segrave, 10th Baron Mowbray 1461–1476</td><td></td><td>King Edward IV 1442–1483</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Thomas Howard 1443–1524 2nd Duke of Norfolk, 1st Earl of Surrey 1514–1524</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Humfrey Fitzalan 1429–1438 8th (or 13th) Earl of Arundel, 5th Baron Arundel, 5th Baron Maltravers</td><td></td><td>Thomas Fitzalan 1450–1524 10th (or 15th) Earl of Arundel, 7th Baron Arundel, 7th Baron Maltravers</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Dukedom of Norfolk, Earldom of Nottingham, Earldom of Surrey extinct, 1476</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Duke of Norfolk (3rd creation), Earl of Nottingham (3rd creation), and Earl of Surrey, 1477</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Francis Stourton 1485–1487 4th Baron Stourton, 1485–1487</td><td></td><td>Edward Stourton 1463–1535 6th Baron Stourton, 1524–1535</td><td></td><td>Anne de Mowbray 1472–1481 8th Countess of Norfolk, 12th Baroness Segrave, 11th Baroness Mowbray 1476–1481</td><td></td><td>Richard of Shrewsbury 1473–1483 Duke of York, Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Nottingham, Earl of Warenne 1477–1483</td><td></td><td>Anne of York 1475–1511</td><td></td><td>Thomas Howard 1473–1554 3rd Duke of Norfolk, 2nd Earl of Surrey 1524–1554</td><td></td><td>Edmund Howard c. 1478–1539</td><td></td><td>Elizabeth Boleyn c. 1480–1538</td><td></td><td>William Fitzalan 1476–1544 11th (or 16th) Earl of Arundel, 8th Baron Arundel, 8th Baron Maltravers</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earldom of Norfolk extinct and Baronies Segrave and Mowbray in abeyance, 1481</td><td></td><td>Dukedom of Norfolk, Earldom of Nottingham, Earldom of Surrey extinct, 1483</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Attainted, 1547 Restored, 1553</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>William Stourton c. 1505–1548 7th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earl of Nottingham (5th creation), 1525</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>King Henry VIII 1491–1547</td><td></td><td>Anne Boleyn c. 1501 or 1507–1536</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Viscount Howard of Bindon, 1559</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Charles Stourton c. 1520–1557 8th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td>Henry Howard 1517–1547 styled Earl of Surrey</td><td></td><td>Thomas Howard c. 1520–1582 1st Viscount Howard of Bindon</td><td></td><td>Mary FitzRoy 1519–1557</td><td></td><td>Henry FitzRoy 1519–1536 Duke of Richmond and Somerset, Earl of Nottingham</td><td></td><td>Catherine Howard c. 1524–1542</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Henry Fitzalan 1512–1580 12th (or 17th) Earl of Arundel, 9th Baron Arundel, 9th Baron Maltravers</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earldom of Nottingham extinct, 1536</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Thomas Howard 1536–1572 4th Duke of Norfolk, 3rd Earl of Surrey, 13th Baron Mowbray 1554–1572</td><td></td><td></td><td>Henry Howard 1540–1614 Earl of Northampton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Queen Elizabeth I 1533–1603</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Mary FitzAlan 1540–1557</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Dukedom (3rd creation) forfeit, 1572</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earl of Arundel (3rd creation), 1580</td><td></td><td>Earl of Suffolk (4th creation), 1603</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>John Stourton 1553–1588 9th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td>Edward Stourton c. 1555–1633 10th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Philip Howard 1557–1595 20th/13th/1st Earl of Arundel, styled Earl of Surrey</td><td></td><td>Thomas Howard 1561–1626 Earl of Suffolk</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Lord William Howard 1563–1640</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earldom of Arundel and Barony of Mowbray attainted, 1589</td><td></td><td>see Earls, Marquesses, and Dukes of Suffolk family tree</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earl of Arundel (3rd creation) and Barony of Mowbray restored, 1604 Earl of Norfolk (5th creation), 1644</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>William Stourton c. 1594–1672 11th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Thomas Howard 1585–1646 21st/14th/2nd Earl of Arundel, 2nd/4th Earl of Surrey, 1st Earl of Norfolk, 14th Baron Mowbray 1644–1646</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Philip</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>see Earls of Shrewsbury family tree</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Edward Stourton 1617–1644</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Henry Frederick Howard 1608–1652 22nd/15th/3rd Earl of Arundel, 3rd/5th Earl of Surrey, 2nd Earl of Norfolk, 15th Baron Mowbray 1646–1652</td><td></td><td>Alethea Howard 1585–1654 17th Baroness Strange of Blackmere, 14th Baroness Talbot, 13th Baroness Furnivall</td><td></td><td>William Howard 1614–1680 1st Viscount Stafford</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>William</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Duke of Norfolk (4th creation restored), 1660</td><td></td><td>Baron Howard of Castle Rising, 1669 Earl of Norwich (3rd creation), 1672</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>William Stourton d. 1685 12th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Thomas Howard 1627–1677 5th Duke of Norfolk, 21st/14th/2nd Earl of Arundel, 4th/6th Earl of Surrey, 16th Baron Mowbray 1660–1677 18th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall 1654–1677</td><td></td><td>Henry Howard 1628–1684 6th Duke of Norfolk, 22nd/15th/3rd Earl of Arundel, 5th/7th Earl of Surrey, 1st Earl of Norwich and Baron Howard of Castle Rising, 18th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 17th Baron Mowbray, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall 1672–1684</td><td></td><td>Hon. Charles Howard 1630–1713</td><td></td><td>Col. Bernard Howard 1641–1717</td><td></td><td>Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle Earls of Carlisle</td></tr><tr><td>Edward Stourton 1665–1720 13th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td>Thomas Stourton 1667–1744 14th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td>Charles Stourton 1669–1739</td><td></td><td>Henry Howard 1655–1701 7th Duke of Norfolk, 22nd/15th/3rd Earl of Arundel, 5th/7th Earl of Surrey, 2nd Earl of Norwich and Baron Howard of Castle Rising, 18th Baron Mowbray, 19th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall, 1684–1701</td><td></td><td>Lord Thomas Howard 1662–1689</td><td></td><td>Henry Charles Howard d. 1720</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Thomas Howard 1683–1732 8th Duke of Norfolk, 23rd/16th/4th Earl of Arundel, 6th/8th Earl of Surrey, 3rd Earl of Norwich and Baron Howard of Castle Rising, 18th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall, 19th Baron Mowbray 1701–1732</td><td></td><td>Edward Howard 1685–1777 9th Duke of Norfolk, 24th/17th/5th Earl of Arundel, 7th/9th Earl of Surrey, 4th Earl of Norwich and Baron Howard of Castle Rising, 20th Baron Mowbray, 20th Baron Strange of Blackmere, 15th Baron Talbot, 14th Baron Furnivall 1732–1777</td><td></td><td>Philip Howard 1688–1750</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Bernard Howard 1674–1735</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Earldom of Norwich (3rd creation) and Barony of Howard of Castle Rising extinct and Baronies of Furnivall, Mowbray, Segrave, Strange of Blackmere, and Talbot abeyant, 1777</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Charles Stourton 1702–1753 15th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td>William Stourton 1704–1781 16th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td>Winifred Howard 1726–1753</td><td></td><td>Anne Howard 1742–1787</td><td></td><td>Charles Howard 1720–1786 10th Duke of Norfolk, 25th/18th/6th Earl of Arundel, 8th/10th Earl of Surrey 1777–1786</td><td></td><td>Henry Howard 1713–1787</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Charles Philip Stourton 1752–1816 17th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Charles Howard 1746–1815 11th Duke of Norfolk, 26th/19th/7th Earl of Arundel, 9th/11th Earl of Surrey 1786–1815</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>William Stourton 1776–1846 18th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Bernard Howard 1765–1842 12th Duke of Norfolk, 27th/20th/8th Earl of Arundel, 10th/12th Earl of Surrey 1815–1842</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Charles Stourton 1802–1872 19th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Henry Howard 1791–1856 13th Duke of Norfolk, 28th/21st/9th Earl of Arundel, 11th/13th Earl of Surrey 1842–1856</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Baron Mowbray and Baron Segrave abeayance restored, 1878</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Baron Howard of Glossop</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Alfred Joseph Stourton 1829–1893 24th Baron Segrave, 21st/23rd Baron Mowbray, 20th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard 1815–1860 14th Duke of Norfolk, 29th/22nd/10th Earl of Arundel, 12th/14th Earl of Surrey 1856–1860</td><td></td><td>Edward George Fitzalan-Howard 1818–1883 1st Baron Howard of Glossop</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Charles Botolph Joseph Stourton 1867–1936 25th Baron Segrave, 22nd/24th Baron Mowbray, 21st Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Henry Fitzalan-Howard 1847–1917 15th Duke of Norfolk, 30th/23rd/11th Earl of Arundel, 13th/15th Earl of Surrey, Lord Maltravers, Earl of Arundel and Surrey 1860–1917</td><td></td><td>Francis Fitzalan-Howard 1859–1924 2nd Baron Howard of Glossop</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>William Marmaduke Stourton 1895–1965 26th Baron Segrave, 23rd/25th Baron Mowbray, 22nd Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Bernard Fitzalan-Howard 1908–1975 16th Duke of Norfolk, 31st/24th/12th Earl of Arundel, 14th/16th Earl of Surrey 1917–1975</td><td></td><td>Bernard Fitzalan-Howard 1885–1972 3rd Baron Howard of Glossop</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Charles Edward Stourton 1923–2006 27th Baron Segrave, 24th/26th Baron Mowbray, 23rd Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Miles Fitzalan-Howard 1915–2002 17th Duke of Norfolk, 32nd/25th/13th Earl of Arundel, 15th/17th Earl of Surrey, 4th Baron Howard of Glossop 1975–2002</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Edward William Stephen Stourton 1953–2021 28th Baron Segrave, 25th/27th Baron Mowbray, 24th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Edward Fitzalan-Howard b. 1956 18th Duke of Norfolk, 33rd/26th/14th Earl of Arundel, 16th/18th Earl of Surrey, 5th Baron Howard of Glossop from 2002</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>James Charles Peter Stourton b. 1991 29th Baron Segrave, 26th/28th Baron Mowbray, 25th Baron Stourton</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Henry Fitzalan-Howard b. 1987 styled Earl of Arundel and Surrey</td></tr></tbody></table>