October 1974 United Kingdom general election

October 1974 United Kingdom general election

A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Thursday 10 October 1974 to elect 635 members of the House of Commons. It was the second general election held that year; the first year in which two general elections had been held in the same year since (/wiki/1910UnitedKingdomgeneralelection(disambiguation)); and the first time that two general elections had been held less than a year apart from each other since the (/wiki/1923UnitedKingdomgeneralelection) and (/wiki/1924UnitedKingdomgeneralelection) elections, which took place 10 months apart.

The election resulted in a narrow victory for the Labour Party, led by Prime Minister Harold Wilson, which won a wafer-thin majority of three seats, the narrowest in modern British history. It was to remain the last general election victory for the Labour Party until (/wiki/1997UnitedKingdomgeneralelection), with the Conservative Party winning majorities in the next four general elections. It would also be the last time Labour won more seats at a national election than the Conservatives until the 1989 European Parliament election. This remains the most recent General Election that Labour made net gains in seats whilst in government.

The narrowness of the majority meant that the Labour government saw a gradual loss of its majority by 1977 through a series of by-election losses and defections, thus requiring deals with the Liberals, the Ulster Unionists, the Scottish Nationalists and the Welsh Nationalists. It led to the eventual defeat of the government in a no-confidence motion in March 1979, six months before the mandatory dissolution of Parliament was set to take place.

This election was held just seven months after the previous general election, held in February 1974, had led to a hung parliament, with Labour winning 301 seats and the Conservatives left with 297. Following the inconclusive nature of coalition talks between the Conservatives and other parties such as the Liberals and the Ulster Unionists, the Labour Leader Harold Wilson went on to form a minority government.

The October campaign was not as vigorous or exciting as the one in February. Despite continuing high inflation, Labour boasted that it had ended the miners' strike, which had dogged Heath's premiership, and had returned some stability. The Conservative Party, led by Leader of the Opposition and former Prime Minister Edward Heath, released a manifesto promoting national unity, but its chances of forming a government were hindered by the Ulster Unionist Party refusing to take the Conservative whip at Westminster in response to the Sunningdale Agreement of 1973.

Both the Conservatives and the Liberals saw their vote share decline, and Heath, who had lost three of the four elections that he contested, was ousted as Conservative leader in February 1975 and replaced with future Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The Scottish National Party won 30% of the Scottish popular vote and 11 of Scotland's 71 seats in the party's most successful general election result until (/wiki/2015UnitedKingdomgeneralelection).

The election was broadcast live on the BBC and was presented by David Butler, Alastair Burnet, Robert McKenzie, Robin Day and Sue Lawley.

Since Jeremy Thorpe's death in December 2014, this is the latest election where all the three major party leaders have died.

Campaign

October 1974 United Kingdom general election

The brief period between the elections gave Wilson the opportunity to demonstrate reasonable progress. Despite high inflation and high balance-of-trade deficits, the miners' strike, which had dogged Heath was over, and some stability had been restored. After the February election, Heath had remained largely out of the public eye.

As was expected, the campaign was not as exciting as the one in February, and overall coverage by broadcasters was significantly scaled back. The Conservatives campaigned on a manifesto of national unity in response to the mood of the public. Labour campaigned on its recent successes in government, and although the party was divided over Europe, the party's strengths outweighed that of Heath, who knew that his future relied on an election victory. Devolution was a key issue for the Liberals and the Scottish National Party, and it was now one that the two main parties also felt the need to address. The Liberals did not issue a new manifesto but simply reissued the one they had created for the last election.

Timeline

October 1974 United Kingdom general election

Prime Minister Harold Wilson's decision to call a general election on 10 October was reported in the newspapers that were dated back to 9 September. The announcement was made through a ministerial broadcast on television on 18 September to announce that the election would be held on 10 October, less than eight months since the previous election. The key dates were as follows:

Friday 20 September	Dissolution of the 46th Parliament and campaigning officially begins
Monday 30 September	Last day to file nomination papers
Wednesday 9 October	Campaigning officially ends
Thursday 10 October	Polling day
Friday 11 October	The Labour Party wins control with a majority of 3
Tuesday 22 October	47th Parliament assembles
Tuesday 29 October	State Opening of Parliament

Results

October 1974 United Kingdom general election

Labour achieved a swing of 2% against the Conservatives. It was the first time since (/wiki/1922UnitedKingdomgeneralelection) that a government had won an overall majority with less than 40% of the vote, albeit a majority of only three seats. The Conservatives won just under 36% of the vote, their worst share since (/wiki/1918UnitedKingdomgeneralelection). A slight drop in the Liberals' vote saw them suffer a net loss of one seat. In Scotland, the Scottish National Party added another 4 seats to their successes in the previous election and became the fourth-largest party.

Turnout was 72.8%, which was a significant decline on the February election's 78.8% turnout.

	Candidates	Votes
Party	Leader	Stood	Elected	Gained	Unseated	Net	% of total	%	No.	Net %
	Labour	Harold Wilson	623	319	19	1	+18	50.2	39.2	11,457,079	+2.0
	Conservative	Edward Heath	622	277	2	22	−20	43.6	35.8	10,462,565	−2.1
	Liberal	Jeremy Thorpe	619	13	1	2	−1	2.1	18.3	5,346,704	−1.0
	SNP	William Wolfe	71	11	4	0	+4	1.7	2.9	839,617	+0.9
	UUP	Harry West	7	6	0	1	−1	0.9	0.9	256,065	+0.1
	Plaid Cymru	Gwynfor Evans	36	3	1	0	+1	0.5	0.6	166,321	+0.1
	SDLP	Gerry Fitt	9	1	0	0	0	0.2	0.6	154,193	+0.1
	National Front	John Kingsley Read	90	0	0	0	0		0.4	113,843	+0.2
	Vanguard	William Craig	3	3	0	0	0	0.5	0.3	92,262	+0.1
	DUP	Ian Paisley	2	1	0	0	0	0.2	0.3	59,451	+0.1
	Alliance	Oliver Napier	5	0	0	0	0		0.2	44,644	+0.1
	Independent Labour	N/A	7	0	0	1	−1		0.2	33,317	+0.1
	Ind. Republican	N/A	1	1	1	0	+1	0.2	0.2	32,795	+0.2
	Republican Clubs	Tomás Mac Giolla	5	0	0	0	0		0.1	21,633	+0.1
	Unionist Party NI	Brian Faulkner	2	0	0	0	0		0.1	20,454	N/A
	Communist	John Gollan	29	0	0	0	0		0.1	17,426	0.0
	Democratic Labour	Dick Taverne	1	0	0	1	−1		0.1	13,714	+0.1
	NI Labour	Alan Carr	3	0	0	0	0		0.0	11,539	0.0
	Independent	N/A	32	0	0	0	0		0.0	8,812	−0.1
	Independent Ulster Unionist	N/A	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	4,982	N/A
	United Democratic	James Tippett	13	0	0	0	0		0.0	4,810	N/A
	Ind. Conservative	N/A	4	0	0	0	0		0.0	4,559	0.0
	More Prosperous Britain	Tom Keen and Harold Smith	25	0	0	0	0		0.0	4,301	0.0
	Workers Revolutionary	Gerry Healey	10	0	0	0	0		0.0	3,404	0.0
	Independent Liberal	N/A	3	0	0	0	0		0.0	3,277	−0.2
	Volunteer Political	Ken Gibson	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	2,690	N/A
	Irish Civil Rights	N/A	7	0	0	0	0		0.0	2,381	N/A
	PEOPLE	Tony Whittaker	5	0	0	0	0		0.0	1,996	0.0
	Marxist-Leninist (England)	John Buckle	8	0	0	0	0		0.0	1,320	0.0
	English National	Frank Hansford-Miller	2	0	0	0	0		0.0	1,115	N/A
	United English National	John Kynaston	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	793	N/A
	Marxist–Leninist	Carole Reakes	3	0	0	0	0		0.0	540	N/A
	Mebyon Kernow	Richard Jenkin	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	384	N/A
	Socialist (GB)	N/A	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	118	N/A

<table><thead><tr><th>Government's new majority</th><th>3</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Total votes cast</td><td>29,189,104</td></tr><tr><td>Turnout</td><td>72.8%</td></tr></tbody></table>

Results by voter characteristics

Ethnic group	Party
Labour	Conservative	Other
Ethnic minority (non-White)	81%	9%	10%
Asian	78%	12%	n/a
Afro-Caribbean	79%	6%	n/a

Incumbents defeated

October 1974 United Kingdom general election

<table><thead><tr><th>Party</th><th>Name</th><th>Constituency</th><th>Office held whilst in Parliament</th><th>Year elected</th><th>Defeated by</th><th>Party</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td>Conservative</td><td>Jock Bruce-Gardyne</td><td>Angus South</td><td></td><td>1964</td><td>Andrew Welsh</td><td></td><td>SNP</td></tr><tr><td>Michael Ancram</td><td>Berwick and East Lothian</td><td></td><td>Feb 1974</td><td>John Mackintosh</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Harold Gurden</td><td>Birmingham Selly Oak</td><td></td><td>1955</td><td>Tom Litterick</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Robert Redmond</td><td>Bolton West</td><td></td><td>1970</td><td>Ann Taylor</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Martin McLaren</td><td>Bristol North West</td><td></td><td>1970</td><td>Ronald Thomas</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Michael Fidler</td><td>Bury and Radcliffe</td><td></td><td>1970</td><td>Frank White</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Barry Henderson</td><td>East Dunbartonshire</td><td></td><td>Feb 1974</td><td>Margaret Bain</td><td></td><td>SNP</td></tr><tr><td>James Allason</td><td>Hemel Hempstead</td><td></td><td>1959</td><td>Robin Corbett</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Tom Iremonger</td><td>Ilford North</td><td></td><td>1954 by-election</td><td>Millie Miller</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Ernle Money</td><td>Ipswich</td><td></td><td>1970</td><td>Ken Weetch</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Tom Boardman</td><td>Leicester South</td><td>Chief Secretary to the Treasury (1974)</td><td>1967 by-election</td><td>Jim Marshall</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Jack d'Avigdor-Goldsmid</td><td>Lichfield and Tamworth</td><td></td><td>1970</td><td>Bruce Grocott</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>David Waddington</td><td>Nelson and Colne</td><td></td><td>1968 by-election</td><td>Doug Hoyle</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Montague Woodhouse</td><td>Oxford</td><td></td><td>1970</td><td>Evan Luard</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Ian MacArthur</td><td>Perth and East Perthshire</td><td></td><td>1959</td><td>Douglas Crawford</td><td></td><td>SNP</td></tr><tr><td>Harmar Nicholls</td><td>Peterborough</td><td></td><td>1950</td><td>Michael Ward</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Peggy Fenner</td><td>Rochester and Chatham</td><td>Parliamentary Under-Secretary for the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1972–1974)</td><td>1970</td><td>Robert Bean</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Ronald Bray</td><td>Rossendale</td><td></td><td>1970</td><td>Michael Noble</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>James Hill</td><td>Southampton Test</td><td></td><td>1970</td><td>Bryan Gould</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Piers Dixon</td><td>Truro</td><td></td><td>1970</td><td>David Penhaligon</td><td></td><td>Liberal</td></tr><tr><td>Robert Lindsay</td><td>Welwyn and Hatfield</td><td>Minister of State for Foreign Affairs (1972–1974)</td><td>1955</td><td>Helene Hayman</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Labour</td><td>Gwynoro Jones</td><td>Carmarthen</td><td></td><td>1970</td><td>Gwynfor Evans</td><td></td><td>Plaid Cymru</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Liberal</td><td>Paul Tyler</td><td>Bodmin, Cornwall</td><td></td><td>Feb 1974</td><td>Robert Hicks</td><td></td><td>Conservative</td></tr><tr><td>Michael Winstanley</td><td>Hazel Grove</td><td></td><td>Feb 1974</td><td>Tom Arnold</td><td></td><td>Conservative</td></tr><tr><td>Christopher Mayhew</td><td>Woolwich East (contested Bath)</td><td></td><td>1951 by-election</td><td>Edward Brown</td><td></td><td>Conservative</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Independent</td><td>Eddie Milne</td><td>Blyth</td><td></td><td>1960 by-election</td><td>John Ryman</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td>Edward Griffiths</td><td>Sheffield Brightside</td><td></td><td>1968 by-election</td><td>Joan Maynard</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>UUP</td><td>Harry West</td><td>Fermanagh and South Tyrone</td><td>Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (1974 –1979)</td><td>Feb 1974</td><td>Frank Maguire</td><td></td><td>Independent</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Democratic Labour</td><td>Dick Taverne</td><td>Lincoln</td><td>Financial Secretary to the Treasury (1969–1970)</td><td>1962 by-election</td><td>Margaret Jackson</td><td></td><td>Labour</td></tr></tbody></table>