List of modern sovereign states by date of formation

List of modern sovereign states by date of formation

Below is a list of sovereign states with the dates of their formation (date of their independence) and date of their current form of government (their constitution), this later sorted by continent.

This list includes the 195 states which are currently member states of the United Nations or non-member observer states with the United Nations General Assembly. This does not include extinct states, but does include several states with limited recognition.

For proposed states or various indigenous nations which consider themselves still under occupation, see list of active autonomist and secessionist movements.

Nation-building is a long evolutionary process, and in most cases the date of a country's "formation" cannot be objectively determined; e.g., the fact that England and France were sovereign kingdoms on equal footing in the medieval period does not prejudice the fact that England is not now a sovereign state (having passed sovereignty to Great Britain in 1707), while France is a republic founded in 1870 (though the term France generally refers to the current French Fifth Republic government, formed in 1958).

Around 60 countries gained independence from the United Kingdom throughout its history, the most in the world, followed by around 40 countries that gained independence from France throughout its history. Over 50% of the world's borders today were drawn as a result of British and French imperialism. Many countries have gained independence from other Western European empires, including 23 from Spain, 7 from Portugal, 4 from the Netherlands, 3 from Belgium, and 2 from Italy.

An unambiguous measure is the date of national constitutions; but as constitutions are an almost entirely modern concept, all formation dates by that criterion are modern or early modern (the oldest extant constitution being that of San Marino, dating to 1600).

Independence dates for widely recognized states earlier than 1919 should be treated with caution, since prior to the founding of the League of Nations, there was no international body to recognize nationhood, and independence had no meaning beyond mutual recognition of de facto sovereigns (the role of the League of Nations was effectively taken over by the United Nations after the Second World War). See Disputed territories.

The following list contains the formation dates of countries with a short description of formation events. For a more detailed description of a country's formation and history, please see the main article for that country.

Sortable list

List of modern sovereign states by date of formation

In this list, "date of last subordination" refers to the last date of control by an external government. The list takes into account the existence of states (and their predecessor states) in an independent and continuous manner, ignoring historical periods in which states existed in the territories of the current states that were extinguished through conquest and annexation. Periods of colonial rule are also not counted. Foreign military occupations are included when the occupying nation does not have the objective of annexation or when a government in exile exists.

The list shows large groupings associated with the dates of independence from decolonization (e.g., 41 current states gained control of sovereignty from the United Kingdom and France between 1956 and 1966) or dissolution of a political union (e.g., 20 current states gained control of sovereignty from the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia between 1990 and 2006). In other cases, a sovereign state submitted to foreign military occupation or political subjugation for a period of time and later regained its independence (e.g., 6 current states gained control of sovereignty from Nazi Germany between 1944 and 1945).

Dates refer to de facto rule or occupation of the major territory, whether or not legitimized by international recognition.

In a union such as Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland-Lithuania, the Soviet Union, or the Kalmar Union, one of the constituents can be considered the dominant power – generally where the seat of government was located. The United Kingdom is a particularly complicated case. If England is viewed as the dominant member, then history can be traced from Roman conquest, Saxon invasions, 10th-century unification, and the 1066 Norman Conquest before the union of England and Scotland in 1707. However, if viewed from a Scottish perspective, an unbroken history of sovereignty can be traced from unification in 843 through the 1707 union with England (with a brief annexation by England from 1657 to 1660). Some Scots view the 1707 union as a ceding of sovereignty to England.

There are cases where a state is completely extinguished or abolished without having any successor states. Cases like this occur when, for example, one state is annexed or conquered by another and ceases to exist even in nominal form (i.e., not even a "government in exile" is established). The most recent case in human history is the German Democratic Republic (East Germany or GDR), which was completely abolished after the German reunification in 1990. Modern Germany is a reunification of the GDR into the Federal Republic of Germany, not a GDR successor state.

The list does not include states of the Holy Roman Empire or vassal or autonomous states of the Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire, as it considers these autonomous subdivisions and not sovereign states. British dominions before the adoption of the Statute of Westminster of 1931 are also not included, as these are also considered autonomous dependent states (similar to present-day Puerto Rico and Greenland) because although they had autonomy in internal affairs, they still depended on the metropole (in this case the United Kingdom) for foreign policy and defense.

The concept of sovereign state should not be confused with that of nation (for example there are even stateless nations). This list has the date of creation of current sovereign states but not of nations. The historiography of some nations, such as the Bulgarians, even separates the different states founded by these nations (for example First, Second and Third Bulgarian State)

<table><thead><tr><th>Country</th><th>Continent</th><th>Acquisition of full sovereignty</th><th>Date of last subordination</th><th>Previous governing power</th><th>Historical Notes</th><th>Capital</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Afghanistan</td><td>Asia</td><td>27 May 1863</td><td>30 August 2021</td><td>Durrani Empire United States</td><td>2021–present: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (de facto) 2004–2021: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (de jure; internationally recognized Government) 2002–2004: Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan 1996–2001: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 2001-2021: American Occupation 1992–2002: Islamic State of Afghanistan 1987–1992: Republic of Afghanistan 1978–1987: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1973–1978: Republic of Afghanistan 1926–1973: Kingdom of Afghanistan 1863–1926: Emirate of Afghanistan</td><td>Kabul</td></tr><tr><td>Albania</td><td>Europe</td><td>28 Nov 1912</td><td>Nov 1944</td><td>Germany</td><td>1992–present: Republic of Albania 1946–92: People's Socialist Republic of Albania 1944–46: Democratic Government of Albania 1943–44: Albanian Kingdom, independent country militarly occupied by Germany 1939–43: Kingdom of Albania, a monarchy in personal union with Italy as the 1928–39: Albanian Kingdom 1925–1928: Albanian Republic 1914–1925: Principality of Albania (via Albanian Declaration of Independence) 1912–1914: Independent Albania</td><td>Tirana</td></tr><tr><td>Algeria</td><td>Africa</td><td>3 July 1962</td><td>3 July 1962</td><td> France</td><td>1962–present: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (via Évian Accords)</td><td>Algiers</td></tr><tr><td>Andorra</td><td>Europe</td><td>7 Sep 1278</td><td>Nov 1944</td><td>France</td><td>1278–present: Principality of Andorra (via Paréage of Andorra; occupied by France 1812–13, 1870, 1914, 1936, 1939, 1944)</td><td>Andorra la Vella</td></tr><tr><td>Angola</td><td>Africa</td><td>11 Nov 1975</td><td>11 Nov 1975</td><td>Portugal</td><td>1992–present: Republic of Angola 1975–1992: People's Republic of Angola (via the Alvor Agreement)</td><td>Luanda</td></tr><tr><td>Antigua and Barbuda</td><td>The Americas</td><td>1 Nov 1981</td><td>1 Nov 1981</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1981–present:  Antigua and Barbuda, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>St. John's</td></tr><tr><td>Argentina</td><td>The Americas</td><td>25 May 1810</td><td>9 July 1816</td><td>Spain</td><td>1861–present: Argentine Republic, a federation 1831–1861: Argentine Confederation 1816–1830: United Provinces of South America 1810-1816: United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, monarchy in personal union with Spain</td><td>Buenos Aires</td></tr><tr><td>Armenia</td><td>Asia/Europe</td><td>23 Sep 1991</td><td>23 Sep 1991</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present: Republic of Armenia</td><td>Yerevan</td></tr><tr><td>Australia</td><td>Australia</td><td>9 Oct 1942</td><td>9 Oct 1942</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1942–present: Commonwealth of Australia, a Federation and a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Canberra</td></tr><tr><td>Austria</td><td>Europe</td><td>10 September 1919</td><td>27 July 1955</td><td>World War II Allies ( Allied-occupied Austria): United Kingdom United States Soviet Union France</td><td>1955–present: Republic of Austria, a federation (via Austrian State Treaty) 1945–55: Allied-occupied Austria 1938–45: Annexed by Nazi Germany 1934–38: Federal State of Austria (client state of Italy) 1919–34: First Republic of Austria (via Treaty of Saint Germain) 1918–19: Republic of German-Austria (via Proclamation of Charles I) (New State)</td><td>Vienna</td></tr><tr><td>Azerbaijan</td><td>Asia/Europe</td><td>30 Aug 1991</td><td>30 Aug 1991</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present: Republic of Azerbaijan</td><td>Baku</td></tr><tr><td>Bahamas</td><td>The Americas</td><td>10 July 1973</td><td>10 July 1973</td><td> United Kingdom</td><td>1973–present: Commonwealth of the Bahamas, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Nassau</td></tr><tr><td>Bahrain</td><td>Asia</td><td>16 Dec 1971</td><td>16 Dec 1971</td><td> United Kingdom</td><td>1971–present: Kingdom of Bahrain</td><td>Manama</td></tr><tr><td>Bangladesh</td><td>Asia</td><td>16 Dec 1971</td><td>16 Dec 1971</td><td>Pakistan</td><td>1972–present: People's Republic of Bangladesh 1971–1972: Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh</td><td>Dhaka</td></tr><tr><td>Barbados</td><td>The Americas</td><td>30 Nov 1966</td><td>30 Nov 1966</td><td> United Kingdom</td><td>2021–present: Barbados, a republican state 1966-2021: Barbados, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Bridgetown</td></tr><tr><td>Belarus</td><td>Europe</td><td>25 Aug 1991</td><td>25 Aug 1991</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present: Republic of Belarus</td><td>Minsk</td></tr><tr><td>Belgium</td><td>Europe</td><td>4 Oct 1830</td><td>1945</td><td>Germany</td><td>1830–present: Kingdom of Belgium, a constitutional monarchy. 5th may 1993–present: a federation since the fourth state reform 1830–4th May 1993: a unitary state divided into provinces</td><td>Brussels</td></tr><tr><td>Belize</td><td>The Americas</td><td>21 Sep 1981</td><td>21 Sep 1981</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1981–present: Belize, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Belmopan</td></tr><tr><td>Benin</td><td>Africa</td><td>1 Aug 1960</td><td>1 Aug 1960</td><td>France</td><td>1990–present: Republic of Benin 1975–1990: People's Republic of Benin 1960–1975: Republic of Dahomey</td><td>Porto-Novo</td></tr><tr><td>Bhutan</td><td>Asia</td><td>1616</td><td>1616</td><td>Tibet</td><td>1616–present: Kingdom of Bhutan</td><td>Thimphu</td></tr><tr><td>Bolivia</td><td>The Americas</td><td>6 Aug 1825</td><td>6 Aug 1825</td><td>Spain</td><td>2009–present: Plurinational State of Bolivia 1839–2009: Republic of Bolivia 1836–1839: In union with North Peru and South Peru in the Peru–Bolivian Confederation 1825–1839: Republic of Bolivia</td><td>La Paz and Sucre</td></tr><tr><td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td><td>Europe</td><td>3 Mar 1992</td><td>3 Mar 1992</td><td>Yugoslavia</td><td>1997–present: Bosnia and Herzegovina, a Federation 1992–1997: Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina</td><td>Sarajevo</td></tr><tr><td>Botswana</td><td>Africa</td><td>30 Sep 1966</td><td>30 Sep 1966</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1966–present : Republic of Botswana</td><td>Gaborone</td></tr><tr><td>Brazil</td><td>The Americas</td><td>7 Sep 1822</td><td>29 Aug 1825</td><td>United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves</td><td>1985–Present: Federative Republic of Brazil (Sixth Brazilian Republic) (a federation) 1964–1985: Federative Republic of Brazil (Military Dictatorship) (Fifth Brazilian Republic) (a federation) 1946–1964: United States of Brazil (Fourth Brazilian Republic) (a federation) 1930–1946: United States of Brazil (Vargas Era) (Second and Third Brazilian Republics) (a federation) 1889–1930: Republic of the United States of Brazil (First Brazilian Republic) (a federation) 1822–1889: Empire of Brazil (a unitary state)</td><td>Brasília</td></tr><tr><td>Brunei</td><td>Asia</td><td>1 Jan 1984</td><td>1 Jan 1984</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1984–present: Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace</td><td>Bandar Seri Begawan</td></tr><tr><td>Bulgaria</td><td>Europe</td><td>5 Oct 1908</td><td>5 Oct 1908</td><td>Ottoman Empire</td><td>1990–present: Republic of Bulgaria 1946–1990: People's Republic of Bulgaria 1908–1946: Tsardom of Bulgaria (reunified with Eastern Rumelia where was a part of the Ottoman Empire)</td><td>Sofia</td></tr><tr><td>Burkina Faso</td><td>Africa</td><td>5 Aug 1960</td><td>5 Aug 1960</td><td>France</td><td>1984–present: Burkina Faso 1960–1984:Republic of Upper Volta</td><td>Ouagadougou</td></tr><tr><td>Burundi</td><td>Africa</td><td>1 July 1962</td><td>1 July 1962</td><td>Belgium</td><td>1966–present: Republic of Burundi 1962–1966: Kingdom of Burundi</td><td>Gitega</td></tr><tr><td>Cambodia</td><td>Asia</td><td>9 Nov 1953</td><td>9 Nov 1953</td><td>France United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia</td><td>1993–present: Kingdom of Cambodia 1992–1993: United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia 1989–1992: State of Cambodia 1979–1989: People's Republic of Kampuchea 1975–1979: Democratic Kampuchea 1970–1975: Khmer Republic 1953–1970: Kingdom of Cambodia</td><td>Phnom Penh</td></tr><tr><td>Cameroon</td><td>Africa</td><td>1 Jan 1960</td><td>1 Oct 1961</td><td>France United Kingdom</td><td>1972–present: Republic of Cameroon, unitary state 1961-1972: Federal Republic of Cameroon 1960-1961: Republic of Cameroon, unitary state Note: French Cameroons gained independence in 1960; added British Southern Cameroons in 1961.</td><td>Iaundé</td></tr><tr><td>Canada</td><td>The Americas</td><td>11 Dec 1931</td><td>11 Dec 1931</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td></td><td>Ottawa</td></tr><tr><td>Cape Verde</td><td>Africa</td><td>5 July 1975</td><td>5 July 1975</td><td>Portugal</td><td>1975–present: Republic of Cabo Verde</td><td>Praia</td></tr><tr><td>Central African Republic</td><td>Africa</td><td>13 Aug 1960</td><td>13 Aug 1960</td><td> France</td><td>1960–present: Central African Republic</td><td>Bangui</td></tr><tr><td>Chad</td><td>Africa</td><td>11 Aug 1960</td><td>11 Aug 1960</td><td> France</td><td>1960–present: Republic of Chad</td><td>N'Djamena</td></tr><tr><td>Chile</td><td>The Americas</td><td>12 Feb 1818</td><td>12 Feb 1818</td><td>Spain</td><td>1990–Present: Republic of Chile (Democracy Restored) 1973–1990: Chilean Military Dictatorship 1925–1973: Chilean Presidential Republic 1891–1925: Parliamentary Chile 1861–1891: Liberal Chile 1830–1861: Conservative Chile 1823–1830: Republic of Chile (Organization of the Republic) 1818–1823: Republic of Chile (Patria Nueva, New Fatherland)</td><td>Santiago</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td>Asia</td><td>17 Feb 1616</td><td>2 Sep 1945</td><td>Japan Soviet Union Second United Front</td><td>1937–1945: Japanese Invasion 1916–present: Republic of China (based in Taiwan since 1949) 1915–1916: Empire of China 1912–1915: Republic of China 1636–1912: Great Qing (informally called Chinese Empire) 1616-1636: Great Jin (New state) The PRC government in Beijing considers itself the successor of the Republic of China (1912–1949) which legally inherited the whole of China from the Qing dynasty. The ROC government in Taipei denies the legitimacy of the PRC and considers itself the sole legitimate government of the whole of China.</td><td>Beijing</td></tr><tr><td>Colombia</td><td>The Americas</td><td>7 Aug 1819</td><td>7 Aug 1819</td><td>Spain</td><td>1886–present: Republic of Colombia (unitary state) 1863–1886: United States of Colombia (federal state) 1858–1863: Granadine Confederation (confederal state) 1831–1858: Republic of New Granada (unitary state) 1819–1831: Republic of Colombia (Gran Colombia) (federal state)</td><td>Bogotá</td></tr><tr><td>Comoros</td><td>Africa</td><td>6 July 1975</td><td>6 July 1975</td><td> France</td><td>2001–present:Union of the Comores, a Federation 1975–2001: Federal and Islamic Republic of Comoros</td><td>Moroni</td></tr><tr><td>Congo, Democratic Republic of the</td><td>Africa</td><td>30 June 1960</td><td>30 June 1960</td><td> Belgium</td><td>1997–present: Democratic Republic of the Congo 1971–1997: Republic of Zaire 1964–1971: Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa) 1960–1964: Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)</td><td>Kinshasa</td></tr><tr><td>Congo, Republic of the</td><td>Africa</td><td>15 Aug 1960</td><td>15 Aug 1960</td><td> France</td><td>1992–present: Republic of the Congo 1969–1992: People's Republic of the Congo 1960–1969: Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)</td><td>Brazzaville</td></tr><tr><td>Costa Rica</td><td>The Americas</td><td>14 Nov 1838</td><td>1838</td><td>Federal Republic of Central America</td><td>1948–present: Republic of Costa Rica (Second) 1848–1948: First Costa Rican Republic 1838–1847: Free State of Costa Rica</td><td>San José</td></tr><tr><td>Croatia</td><td>Europe</td><td>8 Oct 1991</td><td>8 Oct 1991</td><td>Yugoslavia</td><td>1991–present: Republic of Croatia</td><td>Zagreb</td></tr><tr><td>Cuba</td><td>The Americas</td><td>20 May 1902</td><td>2 February 1909</td><td>United States</td><td>1959–present: Republic of Cuba, sovereign communist state 1902–1959: Republic of Cuba, sovereign capitalist state</td><td>Havana</td></tr><tr><td>Cyprus</td><td>Europe</td><td>16 Aug 1960</td><td>16 Aug 1960</td><td> United Kingdom</td><td>1960–present: Republic of Cyprus Note: Cyprus has been divided between two ethnicities as one sovereign state: Greek Cyprus and Turkish Cyprus from 1983.</td><td>Nicosia</td></tr><tr><td>Czechia</td><td>Europe</td><td>1 Jan 1993</td><td>1 Jan 1993</td><td>Czechoslovakia</td><td>1993–present: Czech Republic</td><td>Prague</td></tr><tr><td>Denmark</td><td>Europe</td><td>714</td><td>5 May 1945</td><td>Germany</td><td>1864–present: Kingdom of Denmark (It consists of metropolitan Denmark (sometimes called "Denmark proper") and the realm's two autonomous (but not sovereign) regions: the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America) 1814-1864: Danish Unitary State - Kingdom of Denmark in personal union with the Duchy of Schleswig, Duchy of Holstein and Duchy of Lauenburg 1537–1814: Denmark-Norway – Kingdom of Denmark, in real union with the Kingdom of Norway, Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein 1523–1537: Denmark-Norway – Kingdom of Denmark, in personal union with the Kingdom of Norway, Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein 1397–1523: Kingdom of Denmark, in personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden and the Kingdom of Norway. This union was known as the Kalmar Union 714-1397: Kingdom of Denmark</td><td>Copenhagen</td></tr><tr><td>Djibouti</td><td>Africa</td><td>27 June 1977</td><td>27 June 1977</td><td> France</td><td>1977–present: Republic of Djibouti</td><td>Djibouti</td></tr><tr><td>Dominica</td><td>The Americas</td><td>3 Nov 1978</td><td>3 Nov 1978</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1978–present: Commonwealth of Dominica</td><td>Roseau</td></tr><tr><td>Dominican Republic</td><td>The Americas</td><td>27 Feb 1844</td><td>27 Feb 1844</td><td>Haiti</td><td>1844–present: Dominican Republic</td><td>Santo Domingo</td></tr><tr><td>Ecuador</td><td>The Americas</td><td>13 May 1830</td><td>13 May 1830</td><td>Gran Colombia</td><td>1830–present: Republic of Ecuador</td><td>Quito</td></tr><tr><td>Egypt</td><td>Africa/Asia</td><td>28 Feb 1922</td><td>28 Feb 1922</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1971–present: Arab Republic of Egypt 1958–1971: United Arab Republic 1953–1958: Arab Republic of Egypt 1922–1953: Kingdom of Egypt</td><td>Cairo</td></tr><tr><td>El Salvador</td><td>The Americas</td><td>1 Feb 1841</td><td>1 Feb 1841</td><td>Federal Republic of Central America</td><td>1982–present: Republic of El Salvador 1979–1982: Revolutionary Junta of El Salvador 1922–1979: Republic of El Salvador 1921-1922: In union with other Central American states in the Federation of Central America (confederation) 1898-1921: Republic of El Salvador 1896–1898: In union with other Central American states in the Greater Republic of Central America (confederation) 1841-1898: Republic of El Salvador</td><td>San Salvador</td></tr><tr><td>Equatorial Guinea</td><td>Africa</td><td>12 Oct 1968</td><td>12 Oct 1968</td><td>Spain</td><td>1968–present: Republic of Equatorial Guinea</td><td>Malabo</td></tr><tr><td>Eritrea</td><td>Africa</td><td>24 May 1993</td><td>24 May 1993</td><td>Ethiopia</td><td>1993–present: State of Eritrea</td><td>Asmara</td></tr><tr><td>Estonia</td><td>Europe</td><td>24 Feb 1918</td><td>20 Aug 1991</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present: Republic of Estonia 1944-1991: Estonian government-in-exile 1940–1991: Estonian Diplomatic Service and Estonian government-in-exile (Occupation by the Soviet Union (1940–1941), Germany (1941–1944) and again by the Soviet Union (1944–1991) 1918–1940: Republic of Estonia</td><td>Tallinn</td></tr><tr><td>Eswatini</td><td>Africa</td><td>6 Sep 1968</td><td>6 Sep 1968</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>2018–present: Kingdom of Eswatini 1968–2018: Kingdom of Swaziland</td><td>Lobamba (royal and legislative) and Mbabane (administrative)</td></tr><tr><td>Ethiopia</td><td>Africa</td><td>1137 c.</td><td>5 May 1941</td><td>Italy</td><td>1995–present: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, a federation 1991–1995: Transitional Government of Ethiopia 1987–1991: People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 1974–1987: Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia 1941–1974: Ethiopian Empire 1936–1941: Occupied by Italy 1270–1936: Ethiopian Empire c.1137–1270: Zagwe Kingdom</td><td>Addis Ababa</td></tr><tr><td>Fiji</td><td>Australia</td><td>10 Oct 1970</td><td>10 Oct 1970</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1987–present: Republic of Fiji 1970–1987: Dominion of Fiji, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Suva</td></tr><tr><td>Finland</td><td>Europe</td><td>6 Dec 1917</td><td>4 Jan 1918</td><td>Russian Empire</td><td>1919–present: Republic of Finland 1918–1919: Kingdom of Finland 1918: Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic 1917: Republic of Finland</td><td>Helsinki</td></tr><tr><td>France</td><td>Europe</td><td>843</td><td>1944</td><td>Germany</td><td>1958—Present: French Republic (Fifth; consisted of integral regions (five being overseas regions) and several overseas collectivities) 1946–1958: French Fourth Republic 1944–1946: Provisional Government of the French Republic 1940–1944: Free France, a government-in-exile of France, and member of the allies during WWII. 1940–1944: Occupied by Germany in WWII making Vichy France, a Nazi Puppet. 1870–1940: French Third Republic 1852–1870: Second French Empire 1848–1852: French Second Republic 1830–1848: July Monarchy 1814/5–1830: Bourbon Restoration 1804–1814/5: First French Empire 1792–1804: First French Republic 987–1792: Kingdom of France 843–987: Kingdom of West Francia (New State)(established by the Treaty of Verdun, after the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire)</td><td>Paris</td></tr><tr><td>Gabon</td><td>Africa</td><td>17 Aug 1960</td><td>17 Aug 1960</td><td> France</td><td>1960–present: Gabonese Republic</td><td>Libreville</td></tr><tr><td>Gambia</td><td>Africa</td><td>18 Feb 1965</td><td>18 Feb 1965</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1989–present: Republic of The Gambia 1982-1989: In union with Senegal in the Senegambia Confederation 1970–1982: Republic of The Gambia 1965–1970: Gambia, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Banjul</td></tr><tr><td>Georgia</td><td>Asia/Europe</td><td>9 Apr 1991</td><td>9 Apr 1991</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–Present: Republic of Georgia</td><td>Tbilisi</td></tr><tr><td>Germany</td><td>Europe</td><td>1 July 1867</td><td>15 Mar 1991</td><td>West Berlin World War II Allies ( Allied-occupied Germany): United Kingdom United States Soviet Union France</td><td>1990–Present: Federal Republic of Germany (Become fully sovereign after reunification with the German Democratic Republic on 15 March 1991, after the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany came into effect). 1949–1990: Federal Republic of Germany ( West Berlin was an exclave of West Germany). 1945–1949: Germany occupied between the Allies (USA, UK, France and Soviet Union) (The occupation lasted from 1945 until the ratification of Bonn–Paris conventions in 1955). 1933–1945: Nazi Germany 1918–1933: Weimar Germany (a federation) 1878–1918: German Empire (Prussia Unified in a federal monarchy with all state kingdoms of Germany, excluding Austria). 1867–1878: North German Confederation, new sovereign state and federal union of 22 German-speaking states (previously sovereign states).</td><td>Berlin</td></tr><tr><td>Greece</td><td>Europe</td><td>25 Mar 1822</td><td>1945</td><td> Bulgaria Nazi Germany  Italy</td><td>1974–Present: Third Hellenic Republic 1967–1974: : Greek Dictatorship 1944–1973: Kingdom of Greece 1941–1944: Hellenic State, a government-in-exile during the axis occupation, and member of the allies during WWII. 1935–1941: Kingdom of Greece 1924–1935: Second Hellenic Republic 1832–1924: Kingdom of Greece 1822–1832: After the War of Independence Greece declared independent as the First Hellenic Republic (New State)</td><td>Athens</td></tr><tr><td>Grenada</td><td>The Americas</td><td>7 Feb 1974</td><td>7 Feb 1974</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1974–present: Grenada, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>St. George's</td></tr><tr><td>Ghana</td><td>Africa</td><td>6 May 1957</td><td>6 May 1957</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1960–Present: Republic of Ghana 1957-1960: Dominion of Ghana, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Accra</td></tr><tr><td>Guatemala</td><td>The Americas</td><td>17 Apr 1839</td><td>17 Apr 1839</td><td>Federal Republic of Central America</td><td>1922–present: Republic of Guatemala 1921–1922: Federated state of the Federal Republic of Central America 1839–1921: Republic of Guatemala</td><td>Guatemala City</td></tr><tr><td>Guinea</td><td>Africa</td><td>2 Oct 1958</td><td>2 Oct 1958</td><td> France</td><td>1958–present: Republic of Guinea</td><td>Conakry</td></tr><tr><td>Guinea-Bissau</td><td>Africa</td><td>24 Sep 1973</td><td>10 Sep 1974</td><td> Portugal</td><td>1973–present: Republic of Guinea-Bissau</td><td>Bissau</td></tr><tr><td>Guyana</td><td>The Americas</td><td>26 May 1966</td><td>26 May 1966</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1970–present: Co-operative Republic of Guyana 1966–1970: Guyana, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Georgetown</td></tr><tr><td>Haiti</td><td>The Americas</td><td>1 Jan 1804</td><td>1 Jan 1804</td><td>France</td><td>1859–present: Republic of Haiti 1849–1859: Second Empire of Haiti 1820–1849: Republic of Haiti 1811–1820: Kingdom of Haiti 1806–1811: State of Haiti 1804–1806: First Empire of Haiti</td><td>Port-au-Prince</td></tr><tr><td>Honduras</td><td>The Americas</td><td>26 October 1838</td><td>May 1924</td><td>United States</td><td>1922–present: Republic of Honduras 1921–1922: In union with other Central American states in the Federation of Central America (confederation) 1898–1921: Republic of Honduras (United States has been occupied on the Honduran Land in 1903, 1907, 1911, 1912, 1919, 1924). 1896–1898: In union with other Central American states in the Greater Republic of Central America (confederation) 1838 – 1896: Republic of Honduras</td><td>Tegucigalpa</td></tr><tr><td>Hungary</td><td>Europe</td><td>16 November 1918.</td><td>1918 23 Oct 1989</td><td>Austria-Hungary  Soviet Union</td><td>1989–present: Third Hungarian Republic 1949–1989: Hungarian People's Republic 1946–1949: Second Hungarian Republic 1920–1946: Kingdom of Hungary 1919–1920: Hungarian Republic 1919: Hungarian Soviet Republic 1918–1919: First Hungarian Republic (New State)</td><td>Budapest</td></tr><tr><td>Iceland</td><td>Europe</td><td>1 Dec 1918</td><td>1 Dec 1918</td><td>Denmark United Kingdom Canada United States</td><td>1945–present: Republic of Iceland 1944–1945: Republic of Iceland (occupied by the United States) 1918–1944: Kingdom of Iceland, with a personal union with Denmark (Occupied by the United Kingdom and Canada in 1940 and 1941 and by the United States in 1941–1944)</td><td>Reykjavík</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td>Asia</td><td>15 Aug 1947</td><td>15 Aug 1947</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1950–present: Republic of India, a federation 1947–1950: Union of India, a federation and monarchy in a personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>New Delhi</td></tr><tr><td>Indonesia</td><td>Asia/Australia</td><td>17 Aug 1945</td><td>27 Dec 1949</td><td>Netherlands</td><td>1956–present: Republic of Indonesia 1950-1956: Republic of Indonesia, a republic in real union with the Netherlands in the Netherlands-Indonesia Union (confederation) 1949-1950: Republic of the United States of Indonesia, a republic in real union with the Netherlands in the Netherlands-Indonesia Union (confederation) 1945–1949: Republic of Indonesia, in a National Revolution against Netherlands</td><td>Jakarta</td></tr><tr><td>Iran</td><td>Asia</td><td>1501</td><td>2 March 1946</td><td>United Kingdom Soviet Union</td><td>1980–present: Islamic Republic of Iran 1979–1980: Under an Interim Government 1925–1979: Imperial State of Iran (Anglo-Soviet occupation 1941–1946)(In 1935 the Iranian emperor Reza Shah Pahlavi officially requested that foreigners begin using the endonym "Iran" instead of Persia) 1796–1925: Guarded Domains of Persia (Qajar dynasty) 1736–1796: Guarded Domains of Persia (Afsharid dynasty) 1501–1736: Guarded Domains of Persia (Safavid dynasty)</td><td>Tehran</td></tr><tr><td>Iraq</td><td>Asia</td><td>3 Oct 1932</td><td>1 May 2003</td><td>United States United Kingdom Australia Poland</td><td>2003–present: Republic of Iraq, a federation 2003: American Invasion 1968–2003: Iraqi Republic 1958–1968: Iraqi Republic 1958: Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan 1932–1958: Kingdom of Iraq</td><td>Baghdad</td></tr><tr><td>Ireland</td><td>Europe</td><td>11 Dec 1931</td><td>11 Dec 1931</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1948–present: Ireland (additionally described as the Republic of Ireland) (Republic of Ireland Act 1948: Ireland becomes a republic, ending the monarchy). 1937–1948: Ireland (Constitution of Ireland (1937): name change to "Ireland" (Irish: Éire), the country still was a monarchy in a personal union with Great Britain) 1931–1937: Irish Free State, monarchic state in a personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Dublin</td></tr><tr><td>Israel</td><td>Asia</td><td>14 May 1948</td><td>14 May 1948</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1948–present: State of Israel</td><td>Jerusalem</td></tr><tr><td>Italy</td><td>Europe</td><td>1720</td><td>2 May 1945</td><td>Allies of World War II:  United Kingdom United States France  Canada  South Africa Poland Brazil Greece</td><td>1946–present: Italian Republic 1945–1946: Kingdom of Italy 1943–1945: Italian Social Republic, a Nazi Puppet. 1861–1943: Kingdom of Italy (Kingdom of Sardinia expands its territory and annexes the existing states on the Italian peninsula; these states become legally extinct under international law.) 1720–1861: Kingdom of Sardinia</td><td>Rome</td></tr><tr><td>Ivory Coast</td><td>Africa</td><td>7 Aug 1960</td><td>7 Aug 1960</td><td> France</td><td>1960–present Republic of Côte d'Ivoire</td><td>Abidjan (former capital; still hosts some government offices) and Yamoussoukro (de jure)</td></tr><tr><td>Jamaica</td><td>The Americas</td><td>6 Aug 1962</td><td>6 Aug 1962</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1962–present: Jamaica, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Kingston</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td>Asia</td><td>539</td><td>28 Apr 1952</td><td>World War II Allies ( Allied-occupied Japan) United States (de facto)</td><td>1952–present:  Japan (after the Treaty of San Francisco ended postwar occupation). 1945–1952: Allied-occupation of Japan with the United States and the United Kingdom in the post-war period. 1868–1945: Empire of Japan 1603–1868: Tokugawa shogunate 1568–1603: Japanese Azuchi–Momoyama 1336–1568: Ashikaga shogunate 1333–1336: Kenmu Restoration 1185–1333: Kamakura shogunate 794–1185: Heian era 710–794: Nara era 538–710: Asuka era c. 300–578: Kofun era (Era when all Japanese states merged into one in c. 400 AD).</td><td>Tokyo</td></tr><tr><td>Jordan</td><td>Asia</td><td>25 May 1946</td><td>2 Aug 1958</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1958–present: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Feb–Aug 1958: In union with Iraq in the Arab Federation (confederation) 1946–1958: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan</td><td>Amman</td></tr><tr><td>Kazakhstan</td><td>Asia/Europe</td><td>16 Dec 1991</td><td>16 Dec 1991</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present: Republic of Kazakhstan</td><td>Astana</td></tr><tr><td>Kenya</td><td>Africa</td><td>12 Dec 1963</td><td>12 Dec 1963</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1964–present: Republic of Kenya 1963–1964: Kenya, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Nairóbi</td></tr><tr><td>Kiribati</td><td>Australia</td><td>12 July 1979</td><td>12 July 1979</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1979–present: Republic of Kiribati</td><td>South Tarawa</td></tr><tr><td>North Korea</td><td>Asia</td><td>9 Sep 1948</td><td>9 Sep 1948</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1948–present: Democratic People's Republic of Korea (New State)</td><td>Pyongyang</td></tr><tr><td>South Korea</td><td>Asia</td><td>15 Aug 1948</td><td>15 Aug 1948</td><td>United States</td><td>1987–present: Republic of Korea (Sixth) 1981–1987: Fifth Republic of Korea 1972–1981: Fourth Republic of Korea 1963–1972: Third Republic of Korea 1961–1963: Supreme Council for National Reconstruction 1960–1961: Second Republic of Korea 1948–1960: First Republic of Korea (New State)</td><td>Seoul</td></tr><tr><td>Kosovo</td><td>Europe</td><td>17 February 2008</td><td>17 February 2008</td><td>Serbia United Nations Administered Kosovo</td><td>2008–present: Republic of Kosovo</td><td>Pristina</td></tr><tr><td>Kuwait</td><td>Asia</td><td>19 June 1961</td><td>Feb 1991</td><td>Iraq</td><td>1991–present: State of Kuwait 1990–1991: Kuwait Governorate, governorate of Iraq 1990: Republic of Kuwait 1961–1990: State of Kuwait</td><td>Kuwait City</td></tr><tr><td>Kyrgyzstan</td><td>Asia</td><td>31 Aug 1991</td><td>31 Aug 1991</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present: Kyrgyz Republic (the name "Republic of Kyrgyzstan" was adopted in 1990, changed to current in 1993)</td><td>Bishkek</td></tr><tr><td>Laos</td><td>Asia</td><td>22 Oct 1953</td><td>22 Oct 1953</td><td> France</td><td>1975–present: Lao People's Democratic Republic 1953–1975: Kingdom of Laos</td><td>Vientiane</td></tr><tr><td>Latvia</td><td>Europe</td><td>18 Nov 1918</td><td>4 May 1990</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present: Republic of Latvia 1940–1991: Latvian diplomatic service in exile (Occupation by Germany (1940–1944) and later by the Soviet Union (1944–1991)) 1918–1940: Republic of Latvia</td><td>Riga</td></tr><tr><td>Lebanon</td><td>Asia</td><td>22 Nov 1943</td><td>31 Dec 1946</td><td> France</td><td>1943–present: Lebanese Republic</td><td>Beirut</td></tr><tr><td>Lesotho</td><td>Africa</td><td>4 Oct 1966</td><td>4 Oct 1966</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1966–present: Kingdom of Lesotho</td><td>Maseru</td></tr><tr><td>Liberia</td><td>Africa</td><td>26 July 1847</td><td>26 July 1847</td><td>American Colonization Society</td><td>1847–present: Republic of Liberia (1980-1984: People's Redemption Council )</td><td>Monrovia</td></tr><tr><td>Libya</td><td>Africa</td><td>1 Mar 1949</td><td>24 Dec 1951</td><td> France United Kingdom</td><td>2011–present: State of Libya (Sometimes refer to as Libya) 1977–2011: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (before 1986 without the word "Great" in the full name of the country) 1969–1977: Libyan Arab Republic 1963–1969: Kingdom of Libya 1951–1963: United Kingdom of Libya 1949-1951: Cyrenaica Emirate</td><td>Tripoli</td></tr><tr><td>Liechtenstein</td><td>Europe</td><td>6 August 1806</td><td>6 August 1806</td><td>Holy Roman Empire</td><td>1806–present: Principality of Liechtenstein</td><td>Vaduz</td></tr><tr><td>Lithuania</td><td>Europe</td><td>16 Feb 1918</td><td>11 Mar 1990</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present: Republic of Lithuania 1940–1991: Lithuanian Diplomatic Service (Occupation by Germany (1940–1944) and later by the Soviet Union (1944–1991) 1918–1940: Republic of Lithuania 1918: Kingdom of Lithuania</td><td>Vilnius</td></tr><tr><td>Luxembourg</td><td>Europe</td><td>15 Mar 1815</td><td>1945</td><td>Germany</td><td>1890–present: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, independent state with its own dynasty 1866–1890: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, independent state in personal union with Netherlands 1815–1866: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, independent from France in 1815 and in union with other 37 sovereign states in the German Confederation, but also in personal union with Netherlands</td><td>Luxembourg</td></tr><tr><td>Madagascar</td><td>Africa</td><td>26 June 1960</td><td>26 June 1960</td><td>France</td><td>2014–present: Republic of Madagascar (Fourth Republic) 2009–2014: High Transitional Authority 1992–2009: Republic of Madagascar (Third Republic) 1975–1992: Democratic Republic of Madagascar 1960–1975: Malagasy Republic</td><td>Antananarivo</td></tr><tr><td>Malawi</td><td>Africa</td><td>6 July 1964</td><td>6 July 1964</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1964–present: Republic of Malawi</td><td>Lilongwe</td></tr><tr><td>Malaysia</td><td>Asia</td><td>31 Aug 1957</td><td>31 Aug 1957</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1963–present: Malaysia, a federation 1957-1963: Federation of Malaya Note: The Federation of Malaya gained independence in 1957; in 1963 it added territories of Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore, and changed its name to Malaysia (a federal state). Singapore became independent in 1965.</td><td>Kuala Lumpur (de jure, legislative and royal) and Putrajaya (administrative and judicial)</td></tr><tr><td>Maldives</td><td>Asia</td><td>26 July 1965</td><td>26 July 1965</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1965–present: Republic of Maldives</td><td>Malé</td></tr><tr><td>Mali</td><td>Africa</td><td>20 Aug 1960</td><td>20 Aug 1960</td><td>France</td><td>1960–present: Republic of Mali</td><td>Bamako</td></tr><tr><td>Malta</td><td>Europe</td><td>21 Sep 1964</td><td>21 Sep 1964</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1974–present: Republic of Malta 1964–1974: State of Malta, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Valletta</td></tr><tr><td>Marshall Islands</td><td>Australia</td><td>21 Oct 1986</td><td>21 Oct 1986</td><td>United States</td><td>1986–present: Republic of the Marshall Islands</td><td>Majuro</td></tr><tr><td>Mauritania</td><td>Africa</td><td>28 Nov 1960</td><td>28 Nov 1960</td><td>France</td><td>1960–present: Islamic Republic of Mauritania</td><td>Nouakchott</td></tr><tr><td>Mauritius</td><td>Africa</td><td>12 Mar 1968</td><td>12 Mar 1968</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1992–present: Republic of Mauritius 1968–1992: Mauritius, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Port Louis</td></tr><tr><td>Mexico</td><td>The Americas</td><td>16 Sep 1810</td><td>1864</td><td>Spain</td><td>1867–Present: United Mexican States (a federation) 1864–1867: Second Mexican Empire (a unitary state) 1846–1863: Second Federal Republic of Mexico (a federation) 1835–1846: Centralist Republic of Mexico (a federation) 1823–1824: Provisional Government of Mexico 1821–1823: First Mexican Empire (unitary state)</td><td>Mexico City</td></tr><tr><td>Micronesia, Federated States of</td><td>Australia</td><td>3 Nov 1986</td><td>3 Nov 1986</td><td>United States</td><td>1986–present: Federated States of Micronesia, a federation</td><td>Palikir</td></tr><tr><td>Moldova</td><td>Europe</td><td>27 Aug 1991</td><td>27 Aug 1991</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present: Moldova</td><td>Chișinău</td></tr><tr><td>Monaco</td><td>Europe</td><td>2 Feb 1861</td><td>1945</td><td>Germany</td><td>1911–present: Principality of Monaco</td><td>Monaco</td></tr><tr><td>Mongolia</td><td>Asia</td><td>13 Mar 1921</td><td>13 Mar 1921</td><td>Republic of China</td><td>1990-present: Mongolia 1945-1992: Mongolian People's Republic 1924-1945: Mongolian People's Republic 1921-1924: Bogd Khanate of Mongolia</td><td>Ulaanbaatar</td></tr><tr><td>Montenegro</td><td>Europe</td><td>4 February 2003</td><td>21 May 2006 (independence referendum) June 3, 2006</td><td>Yugoslavia</td><td>2006–present: Montenegro 2003-2006: In union with Serbia in the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (confederation)</td><td>Podgorica</td></tr><tr><td>Morocco</td><td>Africa</td><td>7 Apr 1956</td><td>7 Apr 1956</td><td>France Spain</td><td>1956–present: Kingdom of Morocco</td><td>Rabat</td></tr><tr><td>Mozambique</td><td>Africa</td><td>25 June 1975</td><td>25 June 1975</td><td>Portugal</td><td>1975–present: Republic of Mozambique</td><td>Maputo</td></tr><tr><td>Myanmar</td><td>Asia</td><td>4 Jan 1948</td><td>4 Jan 1948</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>2008–present: Republic of the Union of Myanmar 1988-2008: Union of Myanmar 1962-1988: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma 1948-1962: Union of Burma</td><td>Naypyidaw</td></tr><tr><td>Namibia</td><td>Africa</td><td>21 Mar 1990</td><td>21 Mar 1990</td><td>South Africa</td><td>1990–present: Republic of Namibia</td><td>Windhoek</td></tr><tr><td>Nauru</td><td>Australia</td><td>31 Jan 1968</td><td>31 Jan 1968</td><td>Australia New Zealand United Kingdom Trust Territory of Nauru</td><td>1968–present: Republic of Nauru</td><td>Yaren</td></tr><tr><td>  Nepal</td><td>Asia</td><td>1559</td><td>1559</td><td>Khasa Kingdom</td><td>2008–present: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 1768–2008: Kingdom of Nepal 1559–1768: Gorkha Kingdom</td><td>Kathmandu</td></tr><tr><td>Netherlands</td><td>Europe</td><td>20 Nov 1813</td><td>1945</td><td>Germany</td><td>1945–present: Kingdom of the Netherlands (reestablished in 1945. Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten are the constituent countries of the Kingdom) 1940–1945: Occupied by Nazi Germany establishing as Dutch government-in-exile, a member of the allies during WWII. 1839–1940: Kingdom of the Netherlands 1815–1839: United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1813–1815: Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (New State)</td><td>Amsterdam</td></tr><tr><td>New Zealand</td><td>Australia</td><td>25 Nov 1947</td><td>25 Nov 1947</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1947–present: Realm of New Zealand, a monarchy in a personal union with the United Kingdom. (New Zealand (a sovereign state) has one Antarctic territorial claim (the Ross Dependency), one dependent territory (Tokelau), and two associated states (the Cook Islands and Niue))</td><td>Wellington</td></tr><tr><td>Nicaragua</td><td>The Americas</td><td>13 Nov 1838</td><td>2 Jan 1933</td><td>United States of America</td><td>1898–Present: Republic of Nicaragua 1896–1898: In union with other Central American states in the Greater Republic of Central America (confederation) 1838-1896: Republic of Nicaragua</td><td>Managua</td></tr><tr><td>Niger</td><td>Africa</td><td>7 Aug 1960</td><td>7 Aug 1960</td><td>France</td><td>1960–present: Republic of the Niger</td><td>Niamey</td></tr><tr><td>Nigeria</td><td>Africa</td><td>1 Oct 1960</td><td>1 Oct 1960</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1963–present: Federal Republic of Nigeria, a federation 1960-1963: Nigeria, a federation and monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Abuja</td></tr><tr><td>North Macedonia</td><td>Europe</td><td>8 Sep 1991</td><td>8 Sep 1991</td><td>Yugoslavia</td><td>2019–present: Republic of North Macedonia 1991–2019: / Republic of Macedonia (the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)</td><td>Skopje</td></tr><tr><td>Norway</td><td>Europe</td><td>872</td><td>8 May 1945</td><td>Germany</td><td>1940–present: Kingdom of Norway 1940–1945: Occupied by Germany (Reichskommissariat). 1905–1940: Kingdom of Norway (Haakon VII elected Norwegian king in a referendum in 1905). 1814–1905: United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway. A personal union between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Kingdom of Norway. 1537–1814: Denmark-Norway – Kingdom of Norway, in real union with the Kingdom of Denmark, Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein. 1523–1537: Denmark-Norway – Kingdom of Norway, in personal union with the Kingdom of Denmark, Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein. 1397–1523: Kingdom of Norway, in personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden and the Kingdom of Denmark. This union was known as the Kalmar Union 872–1397: Kingdom of Norway (According to tradition, Harald Fairhair unified all the small kingdoms into one in 872 after the Battle of Hafrsfjord in Stavanger, thus becoming the first king of a united Norway. In 1163, Norway adopted its current Law of Succession)</td><td>Oslo</td></tr><tr><td>Oman</td><td>Asia</td><td>1154</td><td>1976</td><td>Dhofar War: United Kingdom Pahlavi Iran</td><td>1970–present Oman 1856-1970: Sultanate of Muscat and Oman 1696-1856: Omani Empire 1154-1624: Imamate of Oman</td><td>Muscat</td></tr><tr><td>Pakistan</td><td>Asia</td><td>14 Aug 1947</td><td>14 Aug 1947</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1956–present: Islamic Republic of Pakistan, a federation 1947–1956: Pakistan, a federation and monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Islamabad</td></tr><tr><td>Palau</td><td>Australia</td><td>1 Oct 1994</td><td>1 Oct 1994</td><td>United States</td><td>1994–present: Republic of Palau</td><td>Ngerulmud</td></tr><tr><td>Palestine</td><td>Asia</td><td>15 Nov 1988 Sovereignty disputed by Israel</td><td>15 Nov 1988</td><td>Israel</td><td>1988–present: State of Palestine</td><td>Ramallah</td></tr><tr><td>Panama</td><td>The Americas</td><td>3 Nov 1903</td><td>31 Jan 1990</td><td>United States</td><td>1990–present: Republic of Panama 1989–1990: American Invasion 1903–1989: Republic of Panama</td><td>Panama City</td></tr><tr><td>Papua New Guinea</td><td>Australia</td><td>16 Sep 1975</td><td>16 Sep 1975</td><td>Australia</td><td>1975–present: Independent State of Papua New Guinea</td><td>Port Moresby</td></tr><tr><td>Paraguay</td><td>The Americas</td><td>14 May 1811 (de facto) Nov 25, 1845 (formal declaration of Independence)</td><td>1876</td><td>Empire of Brazil Argentina Uruguay</td><td>1876–present: Republic of Paraguay Occupied 1870–1876 by Brazil, in Triple Alliance with Argentina and Uruguay. 1813–1870: Republic of Paraguay 1811–1813: Province of Paraguay (de facto independent of Spain, but still de jure part of the Spanish Empire)</td><td>Asunción</td></tr><tr><td>Peru</td><td>The Americas</td><td>28 July 1821</td><td>25 Aug 1839</td><td>North Peru South Peru Río de la Plata Conservative Chile</td><td>1839–Present: Republic of Peru 1836–1839: Divided in North Peru and South Peru, in union with Bolivia in the Peru–Bolivian Confederation 1822–1836: Republic of Peru 1821-1822: Regime of Free Departments</td><td>Lima</td></tr><tr><td>Philippines</td><td>Asia</td><td>4 July 1946</td><td>4 July 1946</td><td>United States</td><td>1946–present: Republic of the Philippines</td><td>Manila</td></tr><tr><td>Poland</td><td>Europe</td><td>11 November 1918</td><td>1945</td><td>Germany  Soviet Union</td><td>1989–present: Republic of Poland 1947–1989: Polish People's Republic 1945–1947: Provisional Government of National Unity 1939–1990: Government of the Republic of Poland in exile 1939–1945: Occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during WWII making the Polish Underground State as an emergency state, and later in 1944 Poland was proposed to make a Government. 1918–1939: Republic of Poland</td><td>Warsaw</td></tr><tr><td>Portugal</td><td>Europe</td><td>25 July 1139</td><td>30 Aug 1808</td><td> France</td><td>1975–present: Portuguese Republic (Third) 1974–1975: National Salvation Junta 1933–1974: Second Portuguese Republic (Estado Novo/New State) 1926–1933: Second Portuguese Republic (National Dictatorship) 1910–1926: First Portuguese Republic 1834–1910: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves 1825-1834: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves 1815-1825: United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (Brazil declared its independence from Portugal in 1822, but Portugal only recognized it in 1825) 1777–1834: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves (Napoleonic era) 1640–1777: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves 1580–1640: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves (and its colonial empire) in a personal union with the states of the Hispanic Monarchy, this union was known as the Iberian Union 1415–1580: Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves 1139–1415: Kingdom of Portugal (Independent after the Battle of Ourique, Although it was not until 4 years later in 1143, when independence was recognized).</td><td>Lisbon</td></tr><tr><td>Qatar</td><td>Asia</td><td>3 Sep 1971</td><td>3 Sep 1971</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1971–present: State of Qatar</td><td>Doha</td></tr><tr><td>Romania</td><td>Europe</td><td>10 May 1877</td><td>10 May 1877</td><td>Ottoman Empire</td><td>1989–present: Romania 1965-1989: Socialist Republic of Romania 1947-1965:Romanian People's Republic 1881-1947: Kingdom of Romania 1878-1881:Principality of Romania</td><td>Bucharest</td></tr><tr><td>Russia</td><td>Asia/Europe</td><td>1480</td><td>26 Dec 1991 (de facto) 12 Dec 1993 (de jure)</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1993–present: Russian Federation (a federation) 1991–1993: Russian Federation (a federation)(with the 1978 constitution. The United Nations recognizes Russia as the successor state of the USSR.) 1922–1991: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (a federation) 1918–1922: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (a federation) 19 January 1918: Russian Democratic Federative Republic (a federation) 1917–1918: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (a federation) 14 Sep – 7 Nov 1917: Russian Republic (a federation) 1721–1917: Russian Empire (a unitary state) 1547–1721: Tsardom of Russia 1480–1547: Grand Duchy of Moscow, sovereign and independent state</td><td>Moscow</td></tr><tr><td>Rwanda</td><td>Africa</td><td>1 July 1962</td><td>1 July 1962</td><td>Belgium</td><td>1962–present: Republic of Rwanda</td><td>Kigali</td></tr><tr><td>Saint Kitts and Nevis</td><td>The Americas</td><td>19 Sep 1983</td><td>19 Sep 1983</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1983–present: Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, a federation and monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Basseterre</td></tr><tr><td>Saint Lucia</td><td>The Americas</td><td>22 Feb 1979</td><td>22 Feb 1979</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1979–present: Saint Lucia, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Castries</td></tr><tr><td>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</td><td>The Americas</td><td>27 Oct 1979</td><td>27 Oct 1979</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1979–present: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Kingstown</td></tr><tr><td>Samoa</td><td>Australia</td><td>1 Jan 1962</td><td>1 Jan 1962</td><td>New Zealand</td><td>1962–present: Independent State of Samoa</td><td>Apia</td></tr><tr><td>San Marino</td><td>Europe</td><td>1291</td><td>21 Sep 1944</td><td>World War II Allies</td><td>1944: Brief occupation by Germany, then Allies during Battle of San Marino 1739: Brief occupation by the Papal States 1503: Brief occupation by Rimini 1243: The people of San Marino established the positions of Captains Regent (Capitani Reggenti) as a joint heads of state Before 1243: Part of the Roman Empire 301: Traditionally said to have been founded by Saint Marinus</td><td>San Marino</td></tr><tr><td>São Tomé and Príncipe</td><td>Africa</td><td>12 July 1975</td><td>12 July 1975</td><td>Portugal</td><td>1975-1991: Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe</td><td>São Tomé</td></tr><tr><td>Saudi Arabia</td><td>Asia</td><td>23 Sep 1932</td><td>23 Sep 1932</td><td>Sultanate of Nejd Kingdom of Hejaz Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (real union)</td><td>1932–present: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</td><td>Riyadh</td></tr><tr><td>Senegal</td><td>Africa</td><td>20 Aug 1960</td><td>20 Aug 1960</td><td>France</td><td>1989–present: Republic of The Gambia 1982-1989: In union with The Gambia in the Senegambia Confederation 1960-1982: Republic of Senegal</td><td>Dakar</td></tr><tr><td>Serbia</td><td>Europe</td><td>4 February 2003</td><td>3 June 2006</td><td>Yugoslavia</td><td>2006–present: Republic of Serbia 2003–2006: Republic of Serbia, in union with Montenegro in the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (New state, confederation, and successor polity of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)</td><td>Belgrade</td></tr><tr><td>Seychelles</td><td>Africa</td><td>29 June 1976</td><td>29 June 1976</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1976–present: Republic of Seychelles</td><td>Victoria</td></tr><tr><td>Sierra Leone</td><td>Africa</td><td>27 Apr 1961</td><td>27 Apr 1961</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1971–present: Republic of Sierra Leone 1961-1971: Dominion of Sierra Leone, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Freetown</td></tr><tr><td>Singapore</td><td>Asia</td><td>9 Aug 1965</td><td>9 Aug 1965</td><td>Malaysia</td><td>1965–present: Republic of Singapore</td><td>Singapore</td></tr><tr><td>Slovakia</td><td>Europe</td><td>1 Jan 1993</td><td>1 Jan 1993</td><td>Czechoslovakia</td><td>1993–present: Slovak Republic</td><td>Bratislava</td></tr><tr><td>Slovenia</td><td>Europe</td><td>25 June 1991</td><td>25 June 1991</td><td>Yugoslavia</td><td>1991–present: Republic of Slovenia</td><td>Ljubljana</td></tr><tr><td>Solomon Islands</td><td>Australia</td><td>7 July 1978</td><td>7 July 1978</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1978–present: Solomon Islands, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Honiara</td></tr><tr><td>Somalia</td><td>Africa</td><td>1 July 1960</td><td>1 July 1960</td><td>United Kingdom Italy</td><td>2012–present: Federal Republic of Somalia, a federation 2004-2012: Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, transition from unitary state to federation 2000-2004: Transitional National Government of Somalia, a unitary state 1997-2000: Somali Republic 1991-1997: Interim Government of the Somali Republic, a unitary state 1969-1991: Somali Democratic Republic, a unitary state 1960-1969: Somali Republic, a unitary state</td><td>Mogadishu</td></tr><tr><td>South Africa</td><td>Africa</td><td>11 Dec 1931</td><td>11 Dec 1931</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1961–present: Republic of South Africa (Democratization in 1994) 1931–1961: Union of South Africa, monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Bloemfontein (judicial), Cape Town (legislative) and Pretoria (executive)</td></tr><tr><td>South Sudan</td><td>Africa</td><td>9 July 2011</td><td>9 July 2011</td><td>Sudan</td><td>2011–present: Republic of South Sudan, a federation</td><td>Juba</td></tr><tr><td>Spain</td><td>Europe</td><td>1479</td><td>1813</td><td> France</td><td>1982–present: Kingdom of Spain (with democracy) 1975–1982: Kingdom of Spain (restored thrice; transition to democracy) 1939–1977: Spanish Republic (government in exile) 1947: Referendum of re-establishing the Spanish Kingdom 1936–1975: Francoist Spain 1931–1939: Second Spanish Republic 1874–1931: Kingdom of Spain (restored again) 1873–1874: First Spanish Republic 1810–1873: Kingdom of Spain (restored) 1803–1810: Kingdom of Napoleonic Spain, a French occupation. 1716–1810: Kingdom of Spain 1640–1716: Hispanic Monarchy 1580–1640: Iberian Union (The states of the Hispanic Monarchy in personal union with the Kingdom of Portugal) 1516–1580: Hispanic Monarchy (after the Reconquista, two Catholic monarchies (Castile and Aragon) and among other territories such as Navarre were merged by Charles I of Spain). 1479–1516: Dynastic unification of Spain, internally divided in Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon</td><td>Madrid</td></tr><tr><td>Sri Lanka</td><td>Asia</td><td>4 Feb 1948</td><td>4 Feb 1948</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1972–present: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 1948–1972: Dominion of Ceylon, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Colombo (executive, judicial) and Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (official)</td></tr><tr><td>Sudan</td><td>Africa</td><td>1 Jan 1956</td><td>1 Jan 1956</td><td>United Kingdom Egypt</td><td>2019–present: Republic of the Sudan, a federation 1985-2019: Republic of Sudan, a federation 1969-1985:Democratic Republic of Sudan, a federation 1956-1969: Republic of Sudan, a federation</td><td>Khartoum</td></tr><tr><td>Suriname</td><td>The Americas</td><td>25 Nov 1975</td><td>25 Nov 1975</td><td>Kingdom of the Netherlands</td><td>1975–present: Republic of Suriname</td><td>Paramaribo</td></tr><tr><td>Sweden</td><td>Europe</td><td>970 c.</td><td>1523</td><td>Kalmar Union</td><td>1905–present: Kingdom of Sweden 1814-1905: United Kingdom of Sweden and Norway. A personal union between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Kingdom of Norway. 1523-1814: Kingdom of Sweden 1397-1523: Kingdom of Sweden, in personal union with the Kingdom of Norway and the Kingdom of Denmark. This union was known as the Kalmar Union 970-1397: Kingdom of Sweden</td><td>Stockholm</td></tr><tr><td> Switzerland</td><td>Europe</td><td>24 Oct 1648</td><td>1814</td><td>France</td><td>1848–present: Swiss Confederation (second) 1814–1848: Swiss Confederation (in Restoration and Regeneration) with the Congress of Vienna of 1815. 1803–1814: Napoleonic Swiss Confederation, a French puppet state 1798–1803: Helvetic Republic, a French occupation 1648–1798: : Swiss Confederation(Independence fully recognized by the Peace of Westphalia</td><td>Bern</td></tr><tr><td>Syria</td><td>Asia</td><td>28 Sep 1961</td><td>28 Sep 1961</td><td>United Arab Republic</td><td>2024–present: Syrian Arab Republic (post-Fall of Assad regime) 1963-2024: Syrian Arab Republic, under the Assad regime 1961–1963: Syrian Arab Republic</td><td>Damascus</td></tr><tr><td>Tajikistan</td><td>Asia</td><td>9 Sep 1991</td><td>9 Sep 1991</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present: Republic of Tajikistan</td><td>Dushanbe</td></tr><tr><td>Tanzania</td><td>Africa</td><td>26 April 1964</td><td>26 April 1964</td><td>Tanganyika Zanzibar</td><td>1964–present: United Republic of Tanzania 1964: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar (New State)</td><td>Dodoma</td></tr><tr><td>Thailand</td><td>Asia</td><td>4 Mar 1351</td><td>1945</td><td>Japan</td><td>1939–present: Kingdom of Thailand (The country changed its name from Siam to Thailand) 1932-1939: Kingdom of Siam 1885-1932: Kingdom of Siam 1782-1885: Rattanakosin Kingdom 1767-1782: Thonburi Kingdom 1351–1767: Ayutthaya Kingdom</td><td>Bangkok</td></tr><tr><td>Timor-Leste</td><td>Asia</td><td>20 May 2002</td><td>20 May 2002</td><td>Indonesia United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor</td><td>2002–present: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste</td><td>Dili</td></tr><tr><td>Togo</td><td>Africa</td><td>27 Apr 1960</td><td>27 Apr 1960</td><td>France</td><td>1960–present: Togolese Republic</td><td>Lomé</td></tr><tr><td>Tonga</td><td>Australia</td><td>4 June 1970</td><td>4 June 1970</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1970–present: Kingdom of Tonga</td><td>Nukuʻalofa</td></tr><tr><td>Trinidad and Tobago</td><td>The Americas</td><td>31 Aug 1962</td><td>31 Aug 1962</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1976–present: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago 1962-1976: Trinidad and Tobago, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Port of Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Tunisia</td><td>Africa</td><td>20 Mar 1956</td><td>20 Mar 1956</td><td>France</td><td>1957–present: Republic of Tunisia 1956-1957: Kingdom of Tunisia</td><td>Tunis</td></tr><tr><td>Turkey</td><td>Asia/Europe</td><td>1299</td><td>1923</td><td>Allies of World War I: Greece Italy United Kingdom France Armenia</td><td>1923–present: Republic of Turkey 1920–1923: Ankara Government, provisional government founded in Ankara in opposition to the Allied occupation. 1920–1922: Ottoman Empire, occupied by Greece, Italy, France, United Kingdom and Armenia following World War I (Treaty of Sèvres) 1299–1920: Ottoman Empire</td><td>Ankara</td></tr><tr><td>Turkmenistan</td><td>Asia</td><td>27 Oct 1991</td><td>27 Oct 1991</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present: Turkmenistan</td><td>Ashgabat</td></tr><tr><td>Tuvalu</td><td>Australia</td><td>1 Oct 1978</td><td>1 Oct 1978</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1978–present: Tuvalu, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Funafuti</td></tr><tr><td>Uganda</td><td>Africa</td><td>9 Oct 1962</td><td>9 Oct 1962</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1963–present: Republic of Uganda 1962–1963: Uganda, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Kampala</td></tr><tr><td>Ukraine</td><td>Europe</td><td>24 August 1991</td><td>24 Aug 1991</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present:  Ukraine</td><td>Kyiv</td></tr><tr><td>United Arab Emirates</td><td>Asia</td><td>2 Dec 1971</td><td>2 Dec 1971</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1971–present: United Arab Emirates</td><td>Abu Dhabi</td></tr><tr><td>United Kingdom</td><td>Europe</td><td>1 Jan 1801</td><td>1 Jan 1801</td><td>Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Ireland</td><td>1922–present: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1801–1922: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (New State)</td><td>London</td></tr><tr><td>United States</td><td>The Americas</td><td>4 July 1776</td><td>19 Oct 1781</td><td>Great Britain</td><td>1776–present: United States of America, a federation</td><td>Washington, D.C.</td></tr><tr><td>Uruguay</td><td>The Americas</td><td>27 Aug 1828</td><td>27 Aug 1828</td><td>Empire of Brazil</td><td>1830–present: Oriental Republic of Uruguay 1828–1830: Oriental State of Uruguay</td><td>Montevideo</td></tr><tr><td>Uzbekistan</td><td>Asia</td><td>1 Sep 1991</td><td>1 Sep 1991</td><td>Soviet Union</td><td>1991–present: Republic of Uzbekistan</td><td>Tashkent</td></tr><tr><td>Vanuatu</td><td>Australia</td><td>30 July 1980</td><td>30 July 1980</td><td>United Kingdom France</td><td>1980–present: Republic of Vanuatu</td><td>Port Vila</td></tr><tr><td>Vatican City</td><td>Europe</td><td>11 Feb 1929</td><td>11 Feb 1929</td><td>Italy</td><td>1929–present: Vatican City State</td><td>Vatican City</td></tr><tr><td>Venezuela</td><td>The Americas</td><td>13 Jan 1830</td><td>13 Jan 1830</td><td>Gran Colombia</td><td>1999–Present Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (a federal state, comprising twenty-three states, a capital district and the Federal Dependencies which consist in several islands in the Caribbean sea) 1953–1999: Republic of Venezuela (a federal state) 1864–1953: United States of Venezuela (a federal state) 1830–1864: State of Venezuela (a unitary state)</td><td>Caracas</td></tr><tr><td>Vietnam</td><td>Asia</td><td>2 July 1976</td><td>2 July 1976</td><td> North Vietnam  South Vietnam</td><td>1976–present: Socialist Republic of Vietnam (New State)</td><td>Hanoi</td></tr><tr><td>Yemen</td><td>Asia</td><td>22 May 1990</td><td>22 May 1990</td><td>North Yemen South Yemen</td><td>1990–present: Republic of Yemen (New State)</td><td>Aden (de facto, temporary) and Sanaa (de jure)</td></tr><tr><td>Zambia</td><td>Africa</td><td>24 Oct 1964</td><td>24 Oct 1964</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1964–present: Republic of Zambia</td><td>Lusaka</td></tr><tr><td>Zimbabwe</td><td>Africa</td><td>11 Nov 1965</td><td>18 Apr 1980</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>1980–present: Republic of Zimbabwe 1979-1980: Zimbabwe Rhodesia 1970-1979: Republic of Rhodesia 1965-1970: Rhodesia, a monarchy in personal union with the United Kingdom</td><td>Harare</td></tr></tbody></table>

List of countries by current form of government

Africa

Country	Date of current form of government	Birth of current form of government
Algeria	8 December 1996	Constitution of Algeria
Angola	21 January 2010	Constitution of Angola
Benin	2 December 1990	Constitution of Benin
Botswana	30 September 1966	Constitution of Botswana
Burkina Faso	11 June 1991	Constitution of Burkina Faso
Burundi	9 March 1992	Constitution of Burundi
Cape Verde	1992	Constitution of Cape Verde
Cameroon	18 January 1996	Constitution of Cameroon
Central African Republic	27 March 2016	Constitution of the Central African Republic
Chad	31 March 1996	Constitution of Chad
Comoros	23 December 2001	Constitution of the Comoros
Democratic Republic of Congo	18 February 2006	Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic of Congo	2001	Constitution of the Republic of the Congo
Djibouti	15 September 1992	Constitution of Djibouti
Egypt	18 January 2014	Constitution of Egypt
Equatorial Guinea	17 November 1991	Constitution of Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea	23 May 1997	Constitution of Eritrea
Eswatini	2005	Constitution of Eswatini
Ethiopia	21 August 1995	1995 Constitution of Ethiopia
Gabon	2001	Constitution of Gabon
Gambia	16 January 1997	Constitution of The Gambia
Ghana	28 April 1992	Constitution of Ghana
Guinea	7 May 2010	Constitution of Guinea
Guinea-Bissau	6 May 1984	Constitution of Guinea-Bissau
Ivory Coast	8 November 2016	Constitution of Ivory Coast
Kenya	27 August 2010	Constitution of Kenya
Lesotho	1993	Constitution of Lesotho
Liberia	6 January 1986	Constitution of Liberia
Libya	3 August 2011	Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration Note: In 2014 the House of Representatives takes power.
Madagascar	14 November 2010	Constitution of Madagascar
Malawi	16 May 1994	Constitution of Malawi
Mali	12 January 1992	Constitution of Mali
Mauritania	12 July 1991	Constitution of Mauritania
Mauritius	12 March 1968	Constitution of Mauritius
Morocco	14 December 1962	Constitution of Morocco
Mozambique	21 December 2004	Constitution of Mozambique
Namibia	9 February 1990	Constitution of Namibia
Niger	25 November 2010	Constitution of Niger
Nigeria	29 May 1999	Constitution of Nigeria
Rwanda	26 May 2003	Constitution of Rwanda
São Tomé and Príncipe	5 November 1975	Constitution of São Tomé and Príncipe
Senegal	1 January 2001	Constitution of Senegal
Seychelles	1993	Constitution of Seychelles
Sierra Leone	1996	Constitution of Sierra Leone
Somalia	1 August 2012	Constitution of Somalia
South Africa	4 February 1997	Constitution of South Africa
South Sudan	9 July 2011	Constitution of South Sudan
Sudan	4 August 2019	Constitution of Sudan
Tanzania	25 April 1977	Constitution of Tanzania
Togo	6 May 2024	Constitution of Togo
Tunisia	25 July 2022	Constitution of Tunisia
Uganda	8 October 1995	Constitution of Uganda
Zambia	2016	Constitution of Zambia
Zimbabwe	9 May 2013	Constitution of Zimbabwe

Americas

Country	Date of current form of government	Birth of current form of government
Antigua and Barbuda	31 October 1981	Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina	1 May 1853	Constitution of Argentina
Bahamas	1973	Law of the Bahamas
Barbados	30 November 1966	Constitution of Barbados
Belize	21 September 1981	Constitution of Belize
Bolivia	25 January 2009	Constitution of Bolivia
Brazil	5 October 1988	Constitution of Brazil
Canada	1867-1982	Constitution of Canada (uncodified constitution)
Chile	11 September 1980	Constitution of Chile
Colombia	4 July 1991	Constitution of Colombia
Costa Rica	7 November 1949	Constitution of Costa Rica
Cuba	10 April 1949	Cuban Revolution
Dominica	3 November 1978	Constitution of Dominica
Dominican Republic	26 January 2010	Constitution of the Dominican Republic
Ecuador	28 September 2008	Constitution of Ecuador
El Salvador	16 December 1983	Constitution of El Salvador
Grenada	7 February 1974	Constitution of Grenada
Guatemala	31 May 1985	Constitution of Guatemala
Guyana	6 October 1980	Constitution of Guyana
Haiti	20 June 2012	Constitution of 1987 (superseded)
Honduras	11 January 1982	Constitution of Honduras
Jamaica	1 January 1962	Constitution of Jamaica
Mexico	5 February 1917	Constitution of Mexico
Nicaragua	9 January 1987	Constitution of Nicaragua
Panama	11 October 1972	Constitution of Panama
Paraguay	20 June 1992	Constitution of Paraguay
Peru	31 December 1993	Constitution of Peru
Saint Kitts and Nevis	23 June 1983	Constitution of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia	22 February 1979	Constitution of Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	27 October 1979	Constitution of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Suriname	30 September 1987	Constitution of Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
United States	4 March 1789	United States Constitution
Uruguay	18 July 1830	Constitution of Uruguay
Venezuela	20 December 1999	Constitution of Venezuela

Asia

<table><thead><tr><th>Country</th><th>Date of current form of government</th><th>Birth of current form of government</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Afghanistan</td><td>15 August 2021</td><td>No Constitution Fall of Kabul reestablished the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.</td></tr><tr><td>Armenia</td><td>5 July 1995</td><td>Constitution of Armenia</td></tr><tr><td>Bahrain</td><td>14 February 2002</td><td>Constitution of Bahrain</td></tr><tr><td>Bangladesh</td><td>4 November 1972</td><td>Constitution of Bangladesh</td></tr><tr><td>Bhutan</td><td>18 July 2008</td><td>Constitution of Bhutan</td></tr><tr><td>Brunei</td><td>29 September 1959</td><td>Constitution of Brunei</td></tr><tr><td>Cambodia</td><td>21 September 1993</td><td>Constitution of Cambodia</td></tr><tr><td>People's Republic of China</td><td>4 December 1982</td><td>Constitution of China</td></tr><tr><td>Cyprus</td><td>16 August 1960</td><td>Constitution of Cyprus</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td>26 November 1949</td><td>Constitution of India</td></tr><tr><td>Iran</td><td>3 December 1979</td><td>Constitution of Iran</td></tr><tr><td>Iraq</td><td>15 October 2005</td><td>Constitution of Iraq</td></tr><tr><td>Israel</td><td>1958</td><td>Basic Laws of Israel (uncodified constitution)</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td>3 May 1947</td><td>Constitution of Japan</td></tr><tr><td>Jordan</td><td>11 January 1952</td><td>Constitution of Jordan</td></tr><tr><td>North Korea</td><td>25 December 1972</td><td>Constitution of North Korea</td></tr><tr><td>South Korea</td><td>17 July 1948</td><td>Constitution of South Korea</td></tr><tr><td>Kuwait</td><td>11 November 1962</td><td>Constitution of Kuwait</td></tr><tr><td>Kyrgyzstan</td><td>11 April 2021</td><td>Constitution of Kyrgyzstan</td></tr><tr><td>Laos</td><td>14 August 1991</td><td>Constitution of Laos</td></tr><tr><td>Lebanon</td><td>23 May 1926</td><td>Constitution of Lebanon</td></tr><tr><td>Malaysia</td><td>27 August 1957</td><td>Constitution of Malaysia</td></tr><tr><td>Maldives</td><td>7 August 2008</td><td>Constitution of the Maldives</td></tr><tr><td>Mongolia</td><td>13 January 1992</td><td>Constitution of Mongolia</td></tr><tr><td>Myanmar</td><td>29 May 2008</td><td>Constitution of Myanmar</td></tr><tr><td>  Nepal</td><td>20 September 2015</td><td>Constitution of Nepal</td></tr><tr><td>Oman</td><td>6 November 1996</td><td>Basic Statute of Oman</td></tr><tr><td>Pakistan</td><td>14 August 1973</td><td>Constitution of Pakistan</td></tr><tr><td>Palestine</td><td>28 May 1964</td><td>Palestinian National Covenant</td></tr><tr><td>Philippines</td><td>2 February 1987</td><td>Constitution of the Philippines</td></tr><tr><td>Qatar</td><td>9 April 2004</td><td>Constitution of Qatar</td></tr><tr><td>Saudi Arabia</td><td>1 March 1992</td><td>Basic Law of Saudi Arabia</td></tr><tr><td>Singapore</td><td>9 August 1965</td><td>Constitution of Singapore</td></tr><tr><td>Sri Lanka</td><td>7 September 1978</td><td>Constitution of Sri Lanka</td></tr><tr><td>Syria</td><td>29 March 2025</td><td>Constitutional Declaration of Syria</td></tr><tr><td>Tajikistan</td><td>6 November 1994</td><td>Constitution of Tajikistan</td></tr><tr><td>Thailand</td><td>6 April 2017</td><td>Constitution of Thailand</td></tr><tr><td>Timor-Leste</td><td>20 May 2002</td><td>Constitution of East Timor</td></tr><tr><td>Turkmenistan</td><td>18 May 1992</td><td>Constitution of Turkmenistan</td></tr><tr><td>United Arab Emirates</td><td>2 December 1971</td><td>Constitution of the United Arab Emirates</td></tr><tr><td>Uzbekistan</td><td>8 December 1992</td><td>Constitution of Uzbekistan</td></tr><tr><td>Vietnam</td><td>1 January 2014</td><td>Constitution of Vietnam</td></tr><tr><td>Yemen</td><td>16 May 1990</td><td>Constitution of Yemen</td></tr></tbody></table>

Europe

Country	Date of current form of government	Birth of current form of government
Albania	28 November 1998	Constitution of Albania
Andorra	2 February 1993	Constitution of Andorra
Austria	1 October 1920	Constitution of Austria
Belarus	15 March 1994	Constitution of Belarus
Belgium	7 February 1831	Constitution of Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina	14 December 1995	Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria	12 July 1991	Constitution of Bulgaria
Croatia	22 December 1990	Constitution of Croatia
Czechia	16 December 1992	Constitution of Czechia
Denmark	25 May 1849	Constitution of Denmark
Estonia	28 June 1992	Constitution of Estonia
Finland	1 March 2000	Constitution of Finland
France	4 October 1958	Constitution of France
Germany	23 May 1949	Basic Law of Germany
Greece	11 June 1975	Constitution of Greece
Hungary	18 April 2011	Constitution of Hungary
Iceland	17 June 1944	Constitution of Iceland
Ireland	29 December 1937	Constitution of Ireland
Italy	22 December 1947	Constitution of Italy
Kosovo	15 June 2008	Constitution of Kosovo
Latvia	7 November 1922	Constitution of Latvia
Liechtenstein	5 October 1921	Constitution of Liechtenstein
Lithuania	25 October 1992	Constitution of Lithuania
Luxembourg	17 October 1868	Constitution of Luxembourg
Malta	21 September 1964	Constitution of Malta
Moldova	29 August 1994	Constitution of Moldova
Monaco	17 December 1962	Constitution of Monaco
Montenegro	19 October 2007	Constitution of Montenegro
Netherlands	24 August 1815	Constitution of the Netherlands
North Macedonia (until 2019 Republic of Macedonia)	17 November 1991	Constitution of North Macedonia
Norway	17 May 1814	Constitution of Norway
Poland	2 April 1997	Constitution of Poland
Portugal	25 April 1976	Constitution of Portugal
Romania	21 November 1991	Constitution of Romania
San Marino	1600	Constitution of San Marino
Serbia	8 November 2008	Constitution of Serbia
Slovakia	1 October 1992	Constitution of Slovakia
Slovenia	23 December 1991	Constitution of Slovenia
Spain	6 December 1978	Constitution of Spain
Sweden	1 January 1974	Instrument of Government
Switzerland	18 July 1999	Swiss Federal Constitution
Ukraine	28 June 1996	Constitution of Ukraine
United Kingdom	1 January 1801	Acts of Union 1800
Vatican City	26 November 2000	Fundamental Law of Vatican City State

Oceania

Country	Date of current form of government	Birth of current form of government
Australia	1 January 1901	Constitution of Australia
Fiji	6 September 2013	Constitution of Fiji
Kiribati	1979	Constitution of Kiribati
Marshall Islands	1 May 1979	Constitution of the Marshall Islands
Federated States of Micronesia	10 May 1979	Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru	31 January 1968	Constitution of Nauru
New Zealand	6 February 1840 1979-2016	Treaty of Waitangi where the British Crown established a right to govern from indigenous Māori tribes Constitution of New Zealand
Palau	1 January 1981	Constitution of Palau
Papua New Guinea	16 September 1975	Constitution of Papua New Guinea
Samoa	28 October 1960	Constitution of Samoa
Solomon Islands	31 May 1978	Constitution of Solomon Islands
Tonga	4 November 1875	Constitution of Tonga
Tuvalu	1986	Constitution of Tuvalu
Vanuatu	30 July 1980	Constitution of Vanuatu

Transcontinental states

Country	Date of current form of government	Birth of current form of government
Azerbaijan	12 November 1995	Constitution of Azerbaijan
Egypt	18 January 2014	Constitution of Egypt
Georgia	24 August 1995	Constitution of Georgia (country)
Indonesia	18 August 1945	Constitution of Indonesia
Kazakhstan	30 August 1995	Constitution of Kazakhstan
Panama	11 October 1972	Constitution of Panama
Russia	12 December 1993	Constitution of Russia.
Turkey	7 November 1982	Constitution of Turkey.