List of large aircraft

List of large aircraft

A size comparison of five of the largest aircraft:   Airbus A380   Antonov An-225 Mriya   Boeing 747-8   Hughes H-4 Hercules   Stratolaunch

This is a list of large aircraft, including three types: fixed wing, rotary wing, and airships.

The US Federal Aviation Administration defines a large aircraft as any aircraft with a certificated maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of more than 12,500 lb (5,700 kg)

The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) defines a large aircraft as either "an aeroplane with a maximum take-off mass of more than 12,566.35 pounds (5,700.00 kilograms) or a multi-engined helicopter."

Fixed-wing

List of large aircraft

Antonov An-225

<table><thead><tr><th>Type</th><th>First flight</th><th>Role</th><th>Built</th><th>Length</th><th>Span</th><th>MTOW</th><th>Capacity</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Ilya Muromets</td><td>1913</td><td>airliner/bomber</td><td>85+</td><td>19.13 yards (17.49 meters)</td><td>32.58 yards (29.79 meters)</td><td>4.527 tons</td><td>Pax: 16</td><td>First multi-engine aircraft in serial production, Russky Vityaz development</td></tr><tr><td>Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI</td><td>1916</td><td>Bomber</td><td>56</td><td>24.168 yards (22.099 meters)</td><td>46.15 yards (42.20 meters)</td><td>11.613 tons</td><td></td><td>Largest WWI aircraft in regular service</td></tr><tr><td>Tarrant Tabor</td><td>1919</td><td>Bomber</td><td>1</td><td>24.38 yards (22.29 meters)</td><td>43.74 yards (40.00 meters)</td><td>19.97 tons</td><td>4.1 t</td><td>Crashed on first flight</td></tr><tr><td>Dornier Do X</td><td>12 Jul 1929</td><td>Flying boat</td><td>3</td><td>43.74 yards (40.00 meters)</td><td>52.27 yards (47.80 meters)</td><td>51.1787 tons</td><td>Pax: 100</td><td>Then longest, widest and heaviest</td></tr><tr><td>Kalinin K-7</td><td>11 Aug 1933</td><td>Transport</td><td>1</td><td>30.62 yards (28.00 meters)</td><td>57.96 yards (53.00 meters)</td><td>45.77 tons</td><td>Pax: 120</td><td>Widest aircraft until the Tupolev ANT-20</td></tr><tr><td>Tupolev ANT-20</td><td>19 May 1934</td><td>Transport</td><td>2</td><td>35.979 yards (32.899 meters)</td><td>68.8976 yards (63.0000 meters)</td><td>52.16 tons</td><td>Pax: 72</td><td>Widest and heaviest until the Douglas XB-19</td></tr><tr><td>Douglas XB-19</td><td>27 Jun 1941</td><td>Bomber</td><td>1</td><td>44.07 yards (40.30 meters)</td><td>70.65 yards (64.60 meters)</td><td>72.34 tons</td><td></td><td>Longest until the Laté. 631, widest until the B-36, heaviest until the Martin Mars</td></tr><tr><td>Messerschmitt Me 323</td><td>20 Jan 1942</td><td>Transport</td><td>198</td><td>30.84 yards (28.20 meters)</td><td>60.37 yards (55.20 meters)</td><td>42.32 tons</td><td>11.81 tons</td><td>Highest cargo capacity land-based World War II transport</td></tr><tr><td>Martin JRM Mars</td><td>23 Jun 1942</td><td>Flying boat</td><td>7</td><td>39.04 yards (35.70 meters)</td><td>66.71 yards (61.00 meters)</td><td>73.62 tons</td><td>14.76 tons</td><td>Heaviest until the Junkers 390, Largest serial production flying boat</td></tr><tr><td>Latécoère 631</td><td>4 Nov 1942</td><td>Flying boat</td><td>11</td><td>47.57 yards (43.50 meters)</td><td>62.77 yards (57.40 meters)</td><td>70.27 tons</td><td>Pax: 46</td><td>Longest until the Convair B-36</td></tr><tr><td>Junkers Ju 390</td><td>20 Oct 1943</td><td>Bomber</td><td>2</td><td>37.40 yards (34.20 meters)</td><td>55.01 yards (50.30 meters)</td><td>74.31 tons</td><td>9.84 tons</td><td>Heaviest until the BV 238, Junkers entry for the Amerika Bomber project</td></tr><tr><td>Blohm & Voss BV 238</td><td>Apr 1944</td><td>Flying boat</td><td>1</td><td>47.35 yards (43.30 meters)</td><td>65.84 yards (60.20 meters)</td><td>98.42 tons</td><td></td><td>Heaviest built during WWII, destroyed in 1945</td></tr><tr><td>Convair B-36</td><td>8 Aug 1946</td><td>Bomber</td><td>384</td><td>54.02 yards (49.40 meters)</td><td>76.66 yards (70.10 meters)</td><td>183.06 tons</td><td></td><td>Heaviest until the B-52, longest and widest until the Hughes H-4</td></tr><tr><td>Hughes H-4 Hercules (Spruce Goose)</td><td>2 Nov 1947</td><td>Flying boat</td><td>1</td><td>72.94 yards (66.70 meters)</td><td>106.95 yards (97.80 meters)</td><td>177.15 tons</td><td></td><td>Longest until the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy and widest until the Stratolaunch</td></tr><tr><td>Convair XC-99</td><td>23 Nov 1947</td><td>Transport</td><td>1</td><td>60.80 yards (55.60 meters)</td><td>76.66 yards (70.10 meters)</td><td>142.71 tons</td><td>44.28 tons</td><td>B-36 development, most capable transport aircraft until the An-22</td></tr><tr><td>Boeing B-52</td><td>15 Apr 1952</td><td>Bomber</td><td>744</td><td>53.04 yards (48.50 meters)</td><td>61.68 yards (56.40 meters)</td><td>216.525 tons</td><td></td><td>Heaviest until the XB-70, still in service</td></tr><tr><td>XB-70</td><td>21 Sep 1964</td><td>Bomber</td><td>2</td><td>61.68 yards (56.40 meters)</td><td>34.99 yards (31.99 meters)</td><td>242.115 tons</td><td></td><td>Heaviest until the An-22, Mach 3 prototype bomber</td></tr><tr><td>Antonov An-22</td><td>27 Feb 1965</td><td>Transport</td><td>68</td><td>63.32 yards (57.90 meters)</td><td>70.43 yards (64.40 meters)</td><td>246.05 tons</td><td>80 t</td><td>Heaviest until the C-5, Heaviest turboprop aircraft</td></tr><tr><td>Caspian Sea Monster</td><td>16 Oct 1966</td><td>Ekranoplan</td><td>1</td><td>100.61 yards (92.00 meters)</td><td>41.12 yards (37.60 meters)37.6 m</td><td>535.41 tons</td><td></td><td>Ground-effect vehicle. Heaviest and longest flying vehicle until the An-225, 1980 crash</td></tr><tr><td>Lockheed C-5 Galaxy</td><td>30 Jun 1968</td><td>Transport</td><td>131</td><td>82.34 yards (75.29 meters)</td><td>74.26 yards (67.90 meters)</td><td>410.41 tons</td><td>125.49 tons</td><td>Largest payload capacity until the An-124</td></tr><tr><td>Boeing 747</td><td>9 Feb 1969</td><td>Airliner</td><td>1557</td><td>77.32 yards (70.70 meters)</td><td>65.18 yards (59.60 meters)</td><td>406.86 tons</td><td>Pax: 550/660</td><td>Highest passenger capacity airliner until the Airbus A380; most built wide-body airliner until the Boeing 777</td></tr><tr><td>Antonov An-124</td><td>26 Dec 1982</td><td>Transport</td><td>55</td><td>75.57 yards (69.10 meters)</td><td>80.16 yards (73.30 meters)</td><td>395.65 tons</td><td>147.63 tons</td><td>Most capable transport until the An-225</td></tr><tr><td>Airbus A320</td><td>22 Feb 1987</td><td>Airliner</td><td>12198</td><td>41.09 yards (37.57 meters)</td><td>39.15 yards (35.80 meters)</td><td>78 tons</td><td>Pax: 150/164</td><td>Most built airliner</td></tr><tr><td>Antonov An-225 Mriya</td><td>21 Dec 1988</td><td>Transport</td><td>1</td><td>91.86 yards (84.00 meters)</td><td>96.68 yards (88.40 meters)</td><td>629.89 tons</td><td>246.05 tons</td><td>Heaviest aircraft and most capable transport, destroyed in 2022</td></tr><tr><td>Boeing 777</td><td>12 Jun 1994</td><td>Airliner</td><td>1767</td><td>80.77 yards (73.86 meters)</td><td>70.86 yards (64.79 meters)</td><td>351.5 tons</td><td>Pax: 550</td><td>Most built wide-body airliner</td></tr><tr><td>Airbus Beluga</td><td>13 Sep 1994</td><td>Outsize cargo</td><td>5</td><td>61.46 yards (56.20 meters)</td><td>48.99 yards (44.80 meters)</td><td>152.55 t</td><td>1,961.93 cubic yards (1,500.00 cubic meters)</td><td>Airbus A300 derivative, largest volume until the Dreamlifter</td></tr><tr><td>Airbus A380</td><td>27 Apr 2005</td><td>Airliner</td><td>254</td><td>79.51 yards (72.70 meters)</td><td>87.27 yards (79.80 meters)</td><td>565.92 tons</td><td>Pax: 850</td><td>Highest passenger capacity airliner</td></tr><tr><td>Boeing Dreamlifter</td><td>9 Sep 2006</td><td>Outsize cargo</td><td>4</td><td>78.41 yards (71.70 meters)</td><td>70.43 yards (64.40 meters)</td><td>358.25 tons</td><td>2,406.63 cubic yards (1,840.00 cubic meters)</td><td>Boeing 747-400 derivative, largest volume until the BelugaXL</td></tr><tr><td>Airbus BelugaXL</td><td>19 Jul 2018</td><td>Outsize cargo</td><td>6</td><td>69.01 yards (63.10 meters)</td><td>65.945 yards (60.300 meters)</td><td>223.41 tons</td><td>2,889.26 cubic yards (2,209.00 cubic meters)</td><td>Airbus A330 derivative, largest volume</td></tr><tr><td>Scaled Composites 351 Stratolaunch</td><td>13 Apr 2019</td><td>Air launch</td><td>1</td><td>79.83 yards (73.00 meters)</td><td>127.95 yards (117.00 meters)</td><td>580.68 t</td><td>246.052 t</td><td>Current heaviest and widest, prototype air-launch-to-orbit carrier</td></tr></tbody></table>

Projects

<table><thead><tr><th>Type</th><th>Proposed</th><th>MTOW</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Poll Triplane</td><td>1917 (circa)</td><td></td><td>50 m (160 ft) wingspan</td></tr><tr><td>Victory Bomber</td><td>1940/1941</td><td>47.2 tons</td><td>52 m (171 ft) wingspan, to carry a ten-ton earthquake bomb, rejected by the RAF</td></tr><tr><td>Boeing 2707 SST</td><td>1960s</td><td>301.17 tons</td><td>A 93 m-long (305 ft) Concorde answer, canceled in 1971</td></tr><tr><td>Lockheed CL-1201</td><td>1960s</td><td>6318.61 tons</td><td>Nuclear-powered, 1,120 feet (340 m) wing span, airborne aircraft carrier</td></tr><tr><td>Boeing RC-1</td><td>1970s</td><td>1584.57 tons</td><td>"flying pipeline", proposed before the 1973 oil crisis</td></tr><tr><td>Conroy Virtus</td><td>1974</td><td>379.90 tons</td><td>140 m (460 ft) wingspan, to carry Space Shuttle parts</td></tr><tr><td>Beriev Be-2500</td><td>1980s</td><td>2460.57 tons</td><td>Super heavy amphibious transport aircraft</td></tr><tr><td>Beriev Be-5000</td><td>1980s</td><td>4921.03 tons</td><td>Twin fuselage Be-2500</td></tr><tr><td>McDonnell Douglas MD-12</td><td>1990</td><td>423.21 tons</td><td>Proposed double deck airliner, canceled in mid-1990s</td></tr><tr><td>Boeing New Large Airplane</td><td>1990s</td><td>523.6 tons</td><td>747 replacement powered by 777 engines, canceled in the 1990s</td></tr><tr><td>Aerocon Dash 1.6 wingship</td><td>1990s</td><td>4921.03 tons</td><td>US ground effect aircraft, developed with Russian consultation</td></tr><tr><td>Tupolev Tu-404</td><td>1990s</td><td>595.45 tons</td><td>Blended wing body airliner for 1,214 passengers, 110 m (360 ft) wingspan</td></tr><tr><td>Sukhoi KR-860</td><td>1990s</td><td>639.73 tons</td><td>Transport for 300 t payload or 860–1,000 passengers Double deck airliner</td></tr><tr><td>Skylon</td><td>1993</td><td>339.55 tons</td><td>Reusable spaceplane, cancelled in 2024</td></tr><tr><td>Boeing 747X</td><td>1996</td><td>465.53 tons</td><td>747-400 stretch, Airbus A3XX competitor</td></tr><tr><td>Boeing Pelican</td><td>2002</td><td>2657.36 tons</td><td>Ground effect and medium altitude transport</td></tr><tr><td>Airbus A380-900</td><td>2006</td><td>580.68 tons</td><td>Airbus A380-800 stretch, postponed in May 2010</td></tr><tr><td>TsAGI HCA-LB</td><td>current</td><td>984.21 tons</td><td>Ground effect aircraft powered by LNG</td></tr></tbody></table>

Rotary-wing

List of large aircraft

Aeroflot Mil V-12 at Groningen Airport in May 1971

Type	First flight	MTOW	Number built	Notes
Cierva W.11 Air Horse	7 December 1948	8 t	1	Three rotor helicopter
Hughes XH-17	23 October 1952	23 t	1	Prototype heavy-lift helicopter, largest rotor at 39.6 m (130 ft)
Mil Mi-6	5 June 1957	44 t	926	Heavy transport helicopter, 35 m (115 ft) rotor
Mil V-12 or Mi-12	10 July 1968	105 t	2	Largest prototype helicopter, 2 × 35 m (115 ft) rotors
Mil Mi-26	14 December 1977	56 t	316	Heaviest serial production helicopter
Fairey Rotodyne	6 November 1957	15 t	1	Largest gyrodyne. Prototype for 40 passengers
Kamov Ka-22	15 August 1959	42.5 t	4	Composite rotorcraft
Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey	19 March 1989	21.5 t	400	First operational VTOL tiltrotor

Proposals

• Yakovlev Yak-60 – Mil V-12 size helicopter design • Yakovlev VVP-6 – Mil V-12 size helicopter design

Lighter than air

List of large aircraft

<table><thead><tr><th>Type</th><th>Date</th><th>Volume</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Preusen ("Prussia")</td><td>1901</td><td>8,400 m3</td><td>German experimental prototype</td></tr><tr><td>CL75 AirCrane</td><td>2001</td><td>110,000 m3</td><td>CargoLifter experimental prototype, approximately 120.6 tonnes with helium fill</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th>Type</th><th>First flight</th><th>Volume</th><th>Length</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Zeppelin LZ 1</td><td>1900</td><td>11,300 m3</td><td>128 m</td><td>German experimental prototype</td></tr><tr><td>R38 (US: ZR-2)</td><td>1921</td><td>77,100 m3</td><td>212 m</td><td>UK military, built for US Navy</td></tr><tr><td>R100</td><td>1929</td><td>193,970 m3</td><td>216 m</td><td>UK experimental passenger transport</td></tr><tr><td>HM Airship R101</td><td>14 Oct 1929</td><td>156,000 m3 (5,500,000 cu ft)</td><td>236 m</td><td>Followed by the smaller 146,000 m3 (5,200,000 cu ft) R100 (220 m) on 16 Dec 1929</td></tr><tr><td>US Navy USS Akron</td><td>8 Aug 1931</td><td>180,000 m3 (6,400,000 cu ft)></td><td>239 m</td><td>Largest helium-filled airship along with its USS Macon sister ship</td></tr><tr><td>LZ 129 Hindenburg</td><td>4 Apr 1936</td><td>200,000 m3</td><td>245 m</td><td>Largest volume along with its LZ130 Graf Zeppelin II sister ship, approximately 237.2 tonnes with hydrogen fill</td></tr></tbody></table>

Hindenburg airship compared with the largest fixed-wing aircraft

Proposals

• Hydrogen carrier airship (2.45 km long) and balloon (727 m wide), 28,000-tonne MTOW both. • Geostationary Banana Over Texas, a 300-meter-long (980 ft) helium-filled airship with an outer shell supposed to be made of paper and bamboo, shaped like a yellow banana. • High Altitude Venus Operational Concept