List of current cardinals

List of current cardinals

Choir dress of a cardinal, in scarlet

Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome. They are typically ordained bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are chosen by the pope and formally created in a consistory, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant (sede vacante), following the death or resignation of a pope. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals.

Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis (1996), only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to take part in a papal conclave to elect a new pope. The same apostolic constitution specifies that no more than 120 cardinals may take part in a conclave, but makes no provision for there being more than 120 eligible cardinal electors, a number that has often been exceeded. Cardinals may be created in pectore (lit. 'in the breast'), in which case the pope does not reveal their identities; they are not entitled to the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published by the pope. The creations of any such cardinals whose names have not been revealed before the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.

As of 22 March 2026, there are 243 cardinals, 121 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 7 December 2024, when Pope Francis created 21 cardinals, including 20 cardinal electors. Christophe Pierre was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 30 January 2026. Fernando Filoni will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 15 April 2026. The most recent death of a cardinal was that of Phạm Minh Mẫn on 22 March 2026, at the age of 92.

Orders of the College of Cardinals, and order of precedence

List of current cardinals

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence:

• Cardinal bishops (CB): six cardinals who are chosen by the pope to be titular bishops of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome, plus a few additional cardinals who have been exceptionally "co-opted" as cardinal bishops, as well as patriarchs who lead one of the Eastern Catholic Churches. The two most senior cardinal bishops, who are elected by the cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) from among themselves with papal approval, are the dean and the vice dean, currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively. Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop is presently Pietro Parolin. • Cardinal priests (CP): bishops and archbishops, typically in charge of dioceses around the world, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted to be elevated to become cardinal priests. The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is presently Peter Turkson. • Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops and archbishops who work in the Roman Curia or the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and all other clergy, including priests who have been granted a dispensation from the normal requirement that a person must be consecrated a bishop before becoming a cardinal. A cardinal deacon may opt (Latin: optatio) to become a cardinal priest after having served as a cardinal deacon for ten years. The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Dominique Mamberti; he is also the senior cardinal deacon among the cardinal electors. The junior cardinal deacon is presently George Koovakad; he is also the junior cardinal deacon among the electors.

For cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

All cardinals listed are members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters. Cardinals in pastoral ministry are classified under the country in which their respective dioceses are located, although they may be citizens of another country.

Cardinals: listed in order of precedence

List of current cardinals

<table><thead><tr><th>Rank</th><th>Name</th><th>Country</th><th>Born</th><th>Order</th><th>Consistory</th><th>Office</th><th>Ref.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>Giovanni Battista Re</td><td>Italy</td><td>30 January 1934 (age 92)</td><td>CB</td><td>21 February 2001 John Paul II</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops (Dean)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Leonardo Sandri</td><td>Argentina</td><td>18 November 1943 (age 82)</td><td>CB</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches (Vice Dean)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Francis Arinze</td><td>Nigeria</td><td>1 November 1932 (age 93)</td><td>CB</td><td>25 May 1985 John Paul II</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Tarcisio Bertone </td><td>Italy</td><td>2 December 1934 (age 91)</td><td>CB</td><td>21 October 2003 John Paul II</td><td>Secretary of State emeritus of His Holiness and Camerlengo emeritus of the Holy Roman Church</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>José Saraiva Martins </td><td>Portugal</td><td>6 January 1932 (age 94)</td><td>CB</td><td>21 February 2001 John Paul II</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Pietro Parolin</td><td>Italy</td><td>17 January 1955 (age 71)</td><td>CB</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Secretary of State of His Holiness</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Marc Ouellet </td><td>Canada</td><td>8 June 1944 (age 81)</td><td>CB</td><td>21 October 2003 John Paul II</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for Bishops</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Fernando Filoni</td><td>Italy</td><td>15 April 1946 (age 79)</td><td>CB</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Beniamino Stella</td><td>Italy</td><td>18 August 1941 (age 84)</td><td>CB</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Luis Antonio Tagle</td><td>Philippines</td><td>21 June 1957 (age 68)</td><td>CB</td><td>24 November 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Evangelization</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Bechara Boutros al-Rahi </td><td>Lebanon</td><td>25 February 1940 (age 86)</td><td>CB</td><td>24 November 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Patriarch of Antioch (Maronite Church)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Louis Raphaël I Sako</td><td>Iraq</td><td>4 July 1948 (age 77)</td><td>CB</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Patriarch emeritus of Baghdad (Chaldean Church)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Michael Michai Kitbunchu</td><td>Thailand</td><td>25 January 1929 (age 97)</td><td>CP</td><td>2 February 1983 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Paul Poupard</td><td>France</td><td>30 August 1930 (age 95)</td><td>CP</td><td>25 May 1985 John Paul II</td><td>President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Culture and for Interreligious Dialogue</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Friedrich Wetter</td><td>Germany</td><td>20 February 1928 (age 98)</td><td>CP</td><td>25 May 1985 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Munich and Freising</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez</td><td>Dominican Republic</td><td>31 October 1936 (age 89)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 1991 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Santo Domingo</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Roger Mahony</td><td>United States</td><td>27 February 1936 (age 90)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 1991 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Camillo Ruini</td><td>Italy</td><td>19 February 1931 (age 95)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 1991 John Paul II</td><td>Vicar General emeritus for Rome and Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>Julius Darmaatmadja </td><td>Indonesia</td><td>20 December 1934 (age 91)</td><td>CP</td><td>26 November 1994 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Emmanuel Wamala</td><td>Uganda</td><td>15 December 1926 (age 99)</td><td>CP</td><td>26 November 1994 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Kampala</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Adam Maida</td><td>United States</td><td>18 March 1930 (age 96)</td><td>CP</td><td>26 November 1994 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Detroit</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Vinko Puljić</td><td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td><td>8 September 1945 (age 80)</td><td>CP</td><td>26 November 1994 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Vrhbosna</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>Juan Sandoval Íñiguez</td><td>Mexico</td><td>28 March 1933 (age 92)</td><td>CP</td><td>26 November 1994 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>James Stafford</td><td>United States</td><td>26 July 1932 (age 93)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 1998 John Paul II</td><td>Major Penitentiary emeritus</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Salvatore De Giorgi</td><td>Italy</td><td>6 September 1930 (age 95)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 1998 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Palermo</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Antonio María Rouco Varela</td><td>Spain</td><td>20 August 1936 (age 89)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 1998 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Madrid</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Christoph Schönborn </td><td>Austria</td><td>22 January 1945 (age 81)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 1998 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Vienna</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>Norberto Rivera Carrera</td><td>Mexico</td><td>6 June 1942 (age 83)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 1998 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Mexico</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Jānis Pujats</td><td>Latvia</td><td>14 November 1930 (age 95)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 1998 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Riga</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Crescenzio Sepe</td><td>Italy</td><td>2 June 1943 (age 82)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 2001 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Naples</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>Walter Kasper</td><td>Germany</td><td>5 March 1933 (age 93)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 2001 John Paul II</td><td>President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>Audrys Bačkis</td><td>Lithuania</td><td>1 February 1937 (age 89)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 2001 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Vilnius</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa </td><td>Chile</td><td>5 September 1933 (age 92)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 2001 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>Wilfrid Napier </td><td>South Africa</td><td>8 March 1941 (age 85)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 2001 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Durban</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga </td><td>Honduras</td><td>29 December 1942 (age 83)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 2001 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Tegucigalpa and Coordinator emeritus of the Council of Cardinals</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne</td><td>Peru</td><td>28 December 1943 (age 82)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 February 2001 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Lima</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>Julián Herranz Casado</td><td>Spain</td><td>31 March 1930 (age 95)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 October 2003 John Paul II</td><td>President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>Angelo Scola</td><td>Italy</td><td>7 November 1941 (age 84)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 October 2003 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Milan</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>Anthony Olubunmi Okogie</td><td>Nigeria</td><td>16 June 1936 (age 89)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 October 2003 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Lagos</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>Gabriel Zubeir Wako</td><td>Sudan</td><td>27 February 1941 (age 85)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 October 2003 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Khartoum</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>Justin Rigali</td><td>United States</td><td>19 April 1935 (age 90)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 October 2003 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>Ennio Antonelli</td><td>Italy</td><td>18 November 1936 (age 89)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 October 2003 John Paul II</td><td>President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>Peter Turkson</td><td>Ghana</td><td>11 October 1948 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 October 2003 John Paul II</td><td>Chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>Josip Bozanić</td><td>Croatia</td><td>20 March 1949 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 October 2003 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Zagreb</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>Philippe Barbarin</td><td>France</td><td>17 October 1950 (age 75)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 October 2003 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Lyon</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td>Péter Erdő</td><td>Hungary</td><td>25 June 1952 (age 73)</td><td>CP</td><td>21 October 2003 John Paul II</td><td>Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td>Franc Rodé </td><td>Slovenia</td><td>23 September 1934 (age 91)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 March 2006 Benedict XVI</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td>Agostino Vallini</td><td>Italy</td><td>17 April 1940 (age 85)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 March 2006 Benedict XVI</td><td>Pontifical Legate emeritus for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>Gaudencio Borbon Rosales</td><td>Philippines</td><td>10 August 1932 (age 93)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 March 2006 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Manila</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>Jean-Pierre Ricard</td><td>France</td><td>25 September 1944 (age 81)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 March 2006 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Bordeaux</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>51</td><td>Antonio Cañizares Llovera</td><td>Spain</td><td>15 October 1945 (age 80)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 March 2006 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Valencia</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>52</td><td>Seán Patrick O'Malley </td><td>United States</td><td>29 June 1944 (age 81)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 March 2006 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Boston and President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td>Stanisław Dziwisz</td><td>Poland</td><td>27 April 1939 (age 86)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 March 2006 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Kraków</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>Joseph Zen Ze-kiun </td><td>China (Hong Kong)</td><td>13 January 1932 (age 94)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 March 2006 Benedict XVI</td><td>Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>Giovanni Lajolo</td><td>Italy</td><td>3 January 1935 (age 91)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>56</td><td>Angelo Comastri</td><td>Italy</td><td>17 September 1943 (age 82)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Vicar General emeritus for Vatican City, Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President emeritus of the Fabric of Saint Peter</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>Stanisław Ryłko</td><td>Poland</td><td>4 July 1945 (age 80)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>Raffaele Farina </td><td>Italy</td><td>24 September 1933 (age 92)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>59</td><td>Seán Brady</td><td>Ireland</td><td>16 August 1939 (age 86)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Armagh</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>Lluís Martínez i Sistach</td><td>Spain</td><td>29 April 1937 (age 88)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Barcelona</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>Angelo Bagnasco</td><td>Italy</td><td>14 January 1943 (age 83)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Genoa</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>62</td><td>Théodore-Adrien Sarr</td><td>Senegal</td><td>28 November 1936 (age 89)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Dakar</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>63</td><td>Oswald Gracias</td><td>India</td><td>24 December 1944 (age 81)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Bombay</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>Francisco Robles Ortega</td><td>Mexico</td><td>2 March 1949 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop of Guadalajara</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>65</td><td>Daniel DiNardo</td><td>United States</td><td>23 May 1949 (age 76)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Galveston–Houston</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>66</td><td>Odilo Scherer</td><td>Brazil</td><td>21 September 1949 (age 76)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop of São Paulo</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>67</td><td>John Njue</td><td>Kenya</td><td>1 January 1946 (age 80)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2007 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Nairobi</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>68</td><td>Robert Sarah</td><td>Guinea</td><td>15 June 1945 (age 80)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>69</td><td>Francesco Monterisi</td><td>Italy</td><td>28 May 1934 (age 91)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70</td><td>Raymond Leo Burke</td><td>United States</td><td>30 June 1948 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>Patron emeritus of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>71</td><td>Kurt Koch</td><td>Switzerland</td><td>15 March 1950 (age 76)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>72</td><td>Mauro Piacenza</td><td>Italy</td><td>15 September 1944 (age 81)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>Major Penitentiary emeritus</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>73</td><td>Gianfranco Ravasi</td><td>Italy</td><td>18 October 1942 (age 83)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Culture</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>74</td><td>Paolo Romeo</td><td>Italy</td><td>20 February 1938 (age 88)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Palermo</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>75</td><td>Donald Wuerl</td><td>United States</td><td>12 November 1940 (age 85)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Washington</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>76</td><td>Raymundo Damasceno Assis</td><td>Brazil</td><td>15 February 1937 (age 89)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Aparecida</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>77</td><td>Kazimierz Nycz</td><td>Poland</td><td>1 February 1950 (age 76)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Warsaw</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>78</td><td>Malcolm Ranjith</td><td>Sri Lanka</td><td>15 November 1947 (age 78)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop of Colombo</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>79</td><td>Reinhard Marx</td><td>Germany</td><td>21 September 1953 (age 72)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Coordinator of the Council for the Economy</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>80</td><td>Walter Brandmüller</td><td>Germany</td><td>5 January 1929 (age 97)</td><td>CP</td><td>20 November 2010 Benedict XVI</td><td>President emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>81</td><td>Manuel Monteiro de Castro</td><td>Portugal</td><td>29 March 1938 (age 87)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Major Penitentiary emeritus</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>82</td><td>Santos Abril y Castelló</td><td>Spain</td><td>21 September 1935 (age 90)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>83</td><td>Antonio Maria Vegliò</td><td>Italy</td><td>3 February 1938 (age 88)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>84</td><td>Giuseppe Bertello</td><td>Italy</td><td>1 October 1942 (age 83)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>85</td><td>Francesco Coccopalmerio</td><td>Italy</td><td>6 March 1938 (age 88)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>86</td><td>João Braz de Aviz</td><td>Brazil</td><td>24 April 1947 (age 78)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>87</td><td>Edwin Frederick O'Brien</td><td>United States</td><td>8 April 1939 (age 86)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Grand Master emeritus of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>88</td><td>Domenico Calcagno</td><td>Italy</td><td>3 February 1943 (age 83)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>89</td><td>Giuseppe Versaldi</td><td>Italy</td><td>30 July 1943 (age 82)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Catholic Education</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>90</td><td>George Alencherry</td><td>India</td><td>19 April 1945 (age 80)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Major Archbishop emeritus of Ernakulam–Angamaly (Syro-Malabar Church)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>91</td><td>Thomas Collins</td><td>Canada</td><td>16 January 1947 (age 79)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Toronto</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>92</td><td>Wim Eijk</td><td>Netherlands</td><td>22 June 1953 (age 72)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop of Utrecht</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>93</td><td>Giuseppe Betori</td><td>Italy</td><td>25 February 1947 (age 79)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Florence</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>94</td><td>Timothy M. Dolan</td><td>United States</td><td>6 February 1950 (age 76)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of New York</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>95</td><td>Rainer Woelki</td><td>Germany</td><td>18 August 1956 (age 69)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop of Cologne</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>96</td><td>John Tong Hon</td><td>China (Hong Kong)</td><td>31 July 1939 (age 86)</td><td>CP</td><td>18 February 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>97</td><td>James Michael Harvey</td><td>United States</td><td>20 October 1949 (age 76)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>98</td><td>Baselios Cleemis</td><td>India</td><td>15 June 1959 (age 66)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Major Archbishop of Trivandrum (Syro-Malankara Church)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>99</td><td>John Onaiyekan</td><td>Nigeria</td><td>29 January 1944 (age 82)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Abuja</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100</td><td>Rubén Salazar Gómez</td><td>Colombia</td><td>22 September 1942 (age 83)</td><td>CP</td><td>24 November 2012 Benedict XVI</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>101</td><td>Lorenzo Baldisseri</td><td>Italy</td><td>29 September 1940 (age 85)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Secretary-General emeritus of the Synod of Bishops</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>102</td><td>Gerhard Ludwig Müller</td><td>Germany</td><td>31 December 1947 (age 78)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>103</td><td>Vincent Nichols</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>8 November 1945 (age 80)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Westminster</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>104</td><td>Leopoldo Brenes</td><td>Nicaragua</td><td>7 March 1949 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Managua</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>105</td><td>Gérald Lacroix</td><td>Canada</td><td>27 July 1957 (age 68)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Quebec</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>106</td><td>Jean-Pierre Kutwa</td><td>Ivory Coast</td><td>22 December 1945 (age 80)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Abidjan</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>107</td><td>Orani João Tempesta</td><td>Brazil</td><td>23 June 1950 (age 75)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>108</td><td>Gualtiero Bassetti</td><td>Italy</td><td>7 April 1942 (age 83)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Perugia–Città della Pieve</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>109</td><td>Mario Aurelio Poli</td><td>Argentina</td><td>29 November 1947 (age 78)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Buenos Aires</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>110</td><td>Andrew Yeom Soo-jung</td><td>South Korea</td><td>5 December 1943 (age 82)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Seoul</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>111</td><td>Ricardo Ezzati </td><td>Chile</td><td>7 January 1942 (age 84)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>112</td><td>Philippe Ouédraogo</td><td>Burkina Faso</td><td>31 December 1945 (age 80)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Ouagadougou</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>113</td><td>Orlando Quevedo </td><td>Philippines</td><td>11 March 1939 (age 87)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Cotabato</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>114</td><td>Chibly Langlois</td><td>Haiti</td><td>29 November 1958 (age 67)</td><td>CP</td><td>22 February 2014 Francis</td><td>Bishop of Les Cayes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>115</td><td>Manuel Clemente</td><td>Portugal</td><td>16 July 1948 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Patriarch emeritus of Lisbon</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>116</td><td>Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel</td><td>Ethiopia</td><td>14 July 1948 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Addis Abeba (Ethiopian Church)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>117</td><td>John Dew</td><td>New Zealand</td><td>5 May 1948 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Wellington</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>118</td><td>Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn</td><td>Vietnam</td><td>1 April 1938 (age 87)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Hanoi</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>119</td><td>Alberto Suárez Inda</td><td>Mexico</td><td>30 January 1939 (age 87)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Morelia</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>Charles Maung Bo</td><td>Myanmar</td><td>29 October 1948 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Yangon</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>121</td><td>Kriengsak Kovitvanit</td><td>Thailand</td><td>27 June 1949 (age 76)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>122</td><td>Francesco Montenegro</td><td>Italy</td><td>22 May 1946 (age 79)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Agrigento</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>123</td><td>Daniel Sturla</td><td>Uruguay</td><td>4 July 1959 (age 66)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Montevideo</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>124</td><td>Ricardo Blázquez</td><td>Spain</td><td>13 April 1942 (age 83)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Valladolid</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>125</td><td>José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán </td><td>Panama</td><td>24 February 1944 (age 82)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Bishop emeritus of David</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>126</td><td>Arlindo Gomes Furtado</td><td>Cape Verde</td><td>15 November 1949 (age 76)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Bishop emeritus of Santiago de Cabo Verde</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>127</td><td>Soane Patita Paini Mafi</td><td>Tonga</td><td>19 December 1961 (age 64)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Bishop of Tonga</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>128</td><td>Luis Héctor Villalba</td><td>Argentina</td><td>11 October 1934 (age 91)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Tucumán</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>129</td><td>Júlio Duarte Langa</td><td>Mozambique</td><td>27 October 1927 (age 98)</td><td>CP</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Bishop emeritus of Xai-Xai</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>130</td><td>Dieudonné Nzapalainga</td><td>Central African Republic</td><td>14 March 1967 (age 59)</td><td>CP</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Bangui</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>131</td><td>Carlos Osoro Sierra</td><td>Spain</td><td>16 May 1945 (age 80)</td><td>CP</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Madrid</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>132</td><td>Sérgio da Rocha</td><td>Brazil</td><td>21 October 1959 (age 66)</td><td>CP</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>133</td><td>Blase J. Cupich</td><td>United States</td><td>19 March 1949 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Chicago</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>134</td><td>Patrick D'Rozario </td><td>Bangladesh</td><td>1 October 1943 (age 82)</td><td>CP</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Dhaka</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>135</td><td>Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo</td><td>Venezuela</td><td>10 October 1944 (age 81)</td><td>CP</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Caracas</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>136</td><td>Jozef De Kesel</td><td>Belgium</td><td>17 June 1947 (age 78)</td><td>CP</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>137</td><td>Maurice Piat </td><td>Mauritius</td><td>19 July 1941 (age 84)</td><td>CP</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Bishop emeritus of Port-Louis</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>138</td><td>Carlos Aguiar Retes</td><td>Mexico</td><td>9 January 1950 (age 76)</td><td>CP</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Mexico</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>139</td><td>John Ribat</td><td>Papua New Guinea</td><td>9 February 1957 (age 69)</td><td>CP</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Port Moresby</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>140</td><td>Joseph W. Tobin</td><td>United States</td><td>3 May 1952 (age 73)</td><td>CP</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Newark</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>141</td><td>Jean Zerbo</td><td>Mali</td><td>27 December 1943 (age 82)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2017 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Bamako</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>142</td><td>Juan José Omella</td><td>Spain</td><td>21 April 1946 (age 79)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2017 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Barcelona</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>143</td><td>Anders Arborelius</td><td>Sweden</td><td>24 September 1949 (age 76)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2017 Francis</td><td>Bishop of Stockholm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>144</td><td>Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun </td><td>Laos</td><td>8 April 1944 (age 81)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2017 Francis</td><td>Apostolic Vicar emeritus of Vientiane</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>145</td><td>Gregorio Rosa Chávez</td><td>El Salvador</td><td>3 September 1942 (age 83)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2017 Francis</td><td>Auxiliary Bishop emeritus of San Salvador</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>146</td><td>Angelo De Donatis</td><td>Italy</td><td>4 January 1954 (age 72)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Major Penitentiary</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>147</td><td>Joseph Coutts</td><td>Pakistan</td><td>21 July 1945 (age 80)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Karachi</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>148</td><td>António Marto</td><td>Portugal</td><td>5 May 1947 (age 78)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Bishop emeritus of Leiria–Fátima</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>149</td><td>Pedro Barreto </td><td>Peru</td><td>12 February 1944 (age 82)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Huancayo</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>150</td><td>Désiré Tsarahazana</td><td>Madagascar</td><td>13 June 1954 (age 71)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Toamasina</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>151</td><td>Giuseppe Petrocchi</td><td>Italy</td><td>19 August 1948 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of L'Aquila</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>152</td><td>Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda</td><td>Japan</td><td>3 March 1949 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Osaka–Takamatsu</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>153</td><td>Toribio Ticona Porco</td><td>Bolivia</td><td>25 April 1937 (age 88)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Bishop Prelate emeritus of Corocoro</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>154</td><td>Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo</td><td>Indonesia</td><td>9 July 1950 (age 75)</td><td>CP</td><td>5 October 2019 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Jakarta</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>155</td><td>Juan García Rodríguez</td><td>Cuba</td><td>11 July 1948 (age 77)</td><td>CP</td><td>5 October 2019 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>156</td><td>Fridolin Ambongo Besungu</td><td>Democratic Republic of the Congo</td><td>24 January 1960 (age 66)</td><td>CP</td><td>5 October 2019 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Kinshasa</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>157</td><td>Jean-Claude Hollerich</td><td>Luxembourg</td><td>9 August 1958 (age 67)</td><td>CP</td><td>5 October 2019 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Luxembourg</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>158</td><td>Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri</td><td>Guatemala</td><td>16 July 1947 (age 78)</td><td>CP</td><td>5 October 2019 Francis</td><td>Bishop of Huehuetenango</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>159</td><td>Matteo Zuppi</td><td>Italy</td><td>11 October 1955 (age 70)</td><td>CP</td><td>5 October 2019 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Bologna</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>160</td><td>Cristóbal López Romero</td><td>Morocco</td><td>19 May 1952 (age 73)</td><td>CP</td><td>5 October 2019 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Rabat</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>161</td><td>Sigitas Tamkevičius </td><td>Lithuania</td><td>7 November 1938 (age 87)</td><td>CP</td><td>5 October 2019 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Kaunas</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>162</td><td>Antoine Kambanda</td><td>Rwanda</td><td>10 November 1958 (age 67)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 November 2020 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Kigali</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>163</td><td>Wilton Daniel Gregory</td><td>United States</td><td>7 December 1947 (age 78)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 November 2020 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Washington</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>164</td><td>Jose Advincula</td><td>Philippines</td><td>30 March 1952 (age 73)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 November 2020 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Manila</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>165</td><td>Celestino Aós Braco </td><td>Chile</td><td>6 April 1945 (age 80)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 November 2020 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>166</td><td>Augusto Paolo Lojudice</td><td>Italy</td><td>1 July 1964 (age 61)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 November 2020 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Siena–Colle di Val d'Elsa–Montalcino and Bishop of Montepulciano–Chiusi–Pienza</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>167</td><td>Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel</td><td>Mexico</td><td>1 May 1940 (age 85)</td><td>CP</td><td>28 November 2020 Francis</td><td>Bishop emeritus of San Cristóbal de Las Casas</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>168</td><td>Jean-Marc Aveline</td><td>France</td><td>26 December 1958 (age 67)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Marseille</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>169</td><td>Peter Okpaleke</td><td>Nigeria</td><td>1 March 1963 (age 63)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Bishop of Ekwulobia</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>170</td><td>Leonardo Ulrich Steiner</td><td>Brazil</td><td>6 November 1950 (age 75)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Manaus</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>171</td><td>Filipe Neri Ferrão</td><td>India</td><td>20 January 1953 (age 73)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Goa and Daman and Patriarch of the East Indies</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>172</td><td>Robert W. McElroy</td><td>United States</td><td>5 February 1954 (age 72)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Washington</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>173</td><td>Virgílio do Carmo da Silva</td><td>East Timor</td><td>27 November 1967 (age 58)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Díli</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>174</td><td>Oscar Cantoni</td><td>Italy</td><td>1 September 1950 (age 75)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Bishop of Como</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>175</td><td>Anthony Poola</td><td>India</td><td>15 November 1961 (age 64)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Hyderabad</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>176</td><td>Paulo Cezar Costa</td><td>Brazil</td><td>20 July 1967 (age 58)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Brasília</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>177</td><td>William Goh</td><td>Singapore</td><td>25 June 1957 (age 68)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Singapore</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>178</td><td>Adalberto Martínez Flores</td><td>Paraguay</td><td>8 July 1951 (age 74)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Asunción</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>179</td><td>Giorgio Marengo</td><td>Mongolia</td><td>7 June 1974 (age 51)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Apostolic Prefect of Ulaanbaatar</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>180</td><td>Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal </td><td>Colombia</td><td>29 March 1942 (age 83)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Cartagena</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>181</td><td>Arrigo Miglio</td><td>Italy</td><td>18 July 1942 (age 83)</td><td>CP</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Cagliari</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>182</td><td>Pierbattista Pizzaballa</td><td>Jerusalem</td><td>21 April 1965 (age 60)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>183</td><td>Stephen Brislin</td><td>South Africa</td><td>24 September 1956 (age 69)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Johannesburg</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>184</td><td>Ángel Sixto Rossi</td><td>Argentina</td><td>11 August 1958 (age 67)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Córdoba</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>185</td><td>Luis José Rueda Aparicio</td><td>Colombia</td><td>3 March 1962 (age 64)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Bogotá</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>186</td><td>Grzegorz Ryś</td><td>Poland</td><td>9 February 1964 (age 62)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Kraków</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>187</td><td>Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla</td><td>South Sudan</td><td>10 January 1964 (age 62)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Juba</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>188</td><td>José Cobo Cano</td><td>Spain</td><td>20 September 1965 (age 60)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Madrid</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>189</td><td>Protase Rugambwa</td><td>Tanzania</td><td>31 May 1960 (age 65)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Tabora</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>190</td><td>Sebastian Francis</td><td>Malaysia</td><td>11 November 1951 (age 74)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Bishop of Penang</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>191</td><td>Stephen Chow Sau-yan</td><td>China (Hong Kong)</td><td>7 August 1959 (age 66)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Bishop of Hong Kong</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>192</td><td>François-Xavier Bustillo</td><td>France</td><td>23 November 1968 (age 57)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Bishop of Ajaccio</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>193</td><td>Américo Aguiar</td><td>Portugal</td><td>12 December 1973 (age 52)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Bishop of Setúbal</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>194</td><td>Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez</td><td>Venezuela</td><td>17 May 1939 (age 86)</td><td>CP</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Archbishop emeritus of Cumaná</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>195</td><td>Carlos Castillo Mattasoglio</td><td>Peru</td><td>28 February 1950 (age 76)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Lima</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>196</td><td>Vicente Bokalic Iglic</td><td>Argentina</td><td>11 June 1952 (age 73)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Santiago del Estero</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>197</td><td>Luis Cabrera Herrera</td><td>Ecuador</td><td>11 October 1955 (age 70)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Guayaquil</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>198</td><td>Fernando Chomalí Garib</td><td>Chile</td><td>10 March 1957 (age 69)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Santiago de Chile</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>199</td><td>Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi</td><td>Japan</td><td>1 November 1958 (age 67)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Tokyo</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>200</td><td>Pablo Virgilio David</td><td>Philippines</td><td>2 March 1959 (age 67)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Bishop of Kalookan</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>201</td><td>Ladislav Nemet</td><td>Serbia</td><td>7 September 1956 (age 69)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Belgrade</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>202</td><td>Jaime Spengler</td><td>Brazil</td><td>6 September 1960 (age 65)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Porto Alegre</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>203</td><td>Ignace Bessi Dogbo</td><td>Ivory Coast</td><td>17 August 1961 (age 64)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Abidjan</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>204</td><td>Jean-Paul Vesco</td><td>Algeria</td><td>10 March 1962 (age 64)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Algiers</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>205</td><td>Dominique Mathieu</td><td>Iran</td><td>13 June 1963 (age 62)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Tehran–Isfahan</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>206</td><td>Roberto Repole</td><td>Italy</td><td>29 January 1967 (age 59)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Turin and Bishop of Susa</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>207</td><td>Baldassare Reina</td><td>Italy</td><td>26 November 1970 (age 55)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>208</td><td>Frank Leo</td><td>Canada</td><td>30 June 1971 (age 54)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Toronto</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>209</td><td>Mykola Bychok</td><td>Australia</td><td>13 February 1980 (age 46)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Eparch of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne (Ukrainian Greek Church)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>210</td><td>Domenico Battaglia</td><td>Italy</td><td>20 January 1963 (age 63)</td><td>CP</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Naples</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>211</td><td>Dominique Mamberti</td><td>France</td><td>7 March 1952 (age 74)</td><td>CD</td><td>14 February 2015 Francis</td><td>Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>212</td><td>Mario Zenari</td><td>Italy</td><td>5 January 1946 (age 80)</td><td>CD</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Apostolic Nuncio emeritus</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>213</td><td>Kevin Farrell</td><td>United States</td><td>2 September 1947 (age 78)</td><td>CD</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>214</td><td>Ernest Simoni</td><td>Albania</td><td>18 October 1928 (age 97)</td><td>CD</td><td>19 November 2016 Francis</td><td>Priest of the Archdiocese of Shkodër–Pult</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>215</td><td>Luis Ladaria Ferrer </td><td>Spain</td><td>19 April 1944 (age 81)</td><td>CD</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>216</td><td>Giovanni Angelo Becciu</td><td>Italy</td><td>2 June 1948 (age 77)</td><td>CD</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>217</td><td>Konrad Krajewski</td><td>Poland</td><td>25 November 1963 (age 62)</td><td>CD</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Archbishop of Łódź</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>218</td><td>Aquilino Bocos Merino </td><td>Spain</td><td>17 May 1938 (age 87)</td><td>CD</td><td>28 June 2018 Francis</td><td>Superior General emeritus of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>219</td><td>José Tolentino de Mendonça</td><td>Portugal</td><td>15 December 1965 (age 60)</td><td>CD</td><td>5 October 2019 Francis</td><td>Prefect of the Dicastery for Culture and Education</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>220</td><td>Michael Czerny</td><td>Canada</td><td>18 July 1946 (age 79)</td><td>CD</td><td>5 October 2019 Francis</td><td>Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>221</td><td>Michael Fitzgerald </td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>17 August 1937 (age 88)</td><td>CD</td><td>5 October 2019 Francis</td><td>Apostolic Nuncio emeritus</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>222</td><td>Mario Grech</td><td>Malta</td><td>20 February 1957 (age 69)</td><td>CD</td><td>28 November 2020 Francis</td><td>Secretary-General of the Synod of Bishops</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>223</td><td>Marcello Semeraro</td><td>Italy</td><td>22 December 1947 (age 78)</td><td>CD</td><td>28 November 2020 Francis</td><td>Prefect of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>224</td><td>Mauro Gambetti</td><td>Italy</td><td>27 October 1965 (age 60)</td><td>CD</td><td>28 November 2020 Francis</td><td>Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>225</td><td>Silvano Maria Tomasi </td><td>Italy</td><td>12 October 1940 (age 85)</td><td>CD</td><td>28 November 2020 Francis</td><td>Special Delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>226</td><td>Raniero Cantalamessa </td><td>Italy</td><td>22 July 1934 (age 91)</td><td>CD</td><td>28 November 2020 Francis</td><td>Preacher emeritus of the Papal Household</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>227</td><td>Enrico Feroci</td><td>Italy</td><td>27 August 1940 (age 85)</td><td>CD</td><td>28 November 2020 Francis</td><td>Pastor of the Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love in Castel di Leva, Rome</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>228</td><td>Arthur Roche</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>6 March 1950 (age 76)</td><td>CD</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>229</td><td>Lazarus You Heung-sik</td><td>South Korea</td><td>17 November 1951 (age 74)</td><td>CD</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Prefect of the Dicastery for the Clergy</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>230</td><td>Fernando Vérgez Alzaga </td><td>Spain</td><td>1 March 1945 (age 81)</td><td>CD</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>231</td><td>Gianfranco Ghirlanda </td><td>Italy</td><td>5 July 1942 (age 83)</td><td>CD</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>232</td><td>Fortunato Frezza</td><td>Italy</td><td>6 February 1942 (age 84)</td><td>CD</td><td>27 August 2022 Francis</td><td>Canon of the Chapter of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>233</td><td>Claudio Gugerotti</td><td>Italy</td><td>7 October 1955 (age 70)</td><td>CD</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Prefect of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>234</td><td>Víctor Manuel Fernández</td><td>Argentina</td><td>18 July 1962 (age 63)</td><td>CD</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>235</td><td>Emil Paul Tscherrig</td><td>Switzerland</td><td>3 February 1947 (age 79)</td><td>CD</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Apostolic Nuncio emeritus</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>236</td><td>Christophe Pierre</td><td>France</td><td>30 January 1946 (age 80)</td><td>CD</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Apostolic Nuncio emeritus</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>237</td><td>Ángel Fernández Artime</td><td>Spain</td><td>21 August 1960 (age 65)</td><td>CD</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>238</td><td>Agostino Marchetto</td><td>Italy</td><td>28 August 1940 (age 85)</td><td>CD</td><td>30 September 2023 Francis</td><td>Secretary emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>239</td><td>Angelo Acerbi</td><td>Italy</td><td>23 September 1925 (age 100)</td><td>CD</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Apostolic Nuncio emeritus</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>240</td><td>Rolandas Makrickas</td><td>Lithuania</td><td>31 January 1972 (age 54)</td><td>CD</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>241</td><td>Timothy Radcliffe </td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>22 August 1945 (age 80)</td><td>CD</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Master emeritus of the Order of Preachers</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>242</td><td>Fabio Baggio</td><td>Italy</td><td>15 January 1965 (age 61)</td><td>CD</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Undersecretary of the Migrants and Refugees Section of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>243</td><td>George Koovakad</td><td>India</td><td>11 August 1973 (age 52)</td><td>CD</td><td>7 December 2024 Francis</td><td>Prefect of the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue (Syro-Malabar Church)</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Demographics of the College of Cardinals

List of current cardinals

As of 22 March 2026, 121 of 243 cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The current threshold number of votes needed to be elected pope with the required two-thirds supermajority is 81, assuming that all 121 cardinal electors were to participate in a conclave (and notwithstanding the maximum of 120 electors specified in Universi Dominici gregis).

Cardinals by appointing pope

This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the college.

Pope	All cardinals	Cardinal electors
No.	Name	CB	CP	CD	Total	CB	CP	CD	Total
264	John Paul II (1978–2005)	5	34	0	39	0	4	0	4
265	Benedict XVI (2005–2013)	4	54	0	58	2	16	0	18
266	Francis (2013–2025)	3	110	33	146	2	80	17	99
Total	12	198	33	243	4	100	17	121

Cardinals by particular church sui iuris

While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches. At present, there are seven Eastern Catholic cardinals, including five cardinal electors, belonging to six particular churches sui iuris:

• Bechara Boutros al-Rahi (Maronite Church) • Louis Raphaël I Sako (Chaldean Church), cardinal elector • George Alencherry (Syro-Malabar Church) • Baselios Cleemis (Syro-Malankara Church), cardinal elector • Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel (Ethiopian Church), cardinal elector • Mykola Bychok (Ukrainian Greek Church), cardinal elector • George Koovakad (Syro-Malabar Church), cardinal elector

Particular church sui iuris	All cardinals	Cardinal electors
Latin Church (Western)	236	116
Eastern Churches	Chaldean Church	1	1
Ethiopian Church	1	1
Maronite Church	1	0
Syro-Malabar Church	2	1
Syro-Malankara Church	1	1
Ukrainian Greek Church	1	1
Subtotal	7	5
Total	243	121

Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life

At present, there are 63 cardinals, including 32 cardinal electors, who are members of the religious life, representing 27 institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life. In this table, the common name for the members of an institute or society, if different from its formal name, is given in brackets.

Post-nominal	Institute or society	All cardinals	Cardinal electors
	Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Eudists)	1	0
	Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians, Lazarists)	3	2
	Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Claretians)	2	0
	Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Scalabrinians)	2	1
	Congregation of Holy Cross (Holy Cross Fathers)	1	0
	Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost Fathers, Spiritans)	2	1
	Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists)	2	2
	Institute of Consolata Missionaries	1	1
	Institute of Schönstatt Fathers	1	0
	Pius X Secular Institute	1	1
	Voluntas Dei Institute	1	0
	Congregation of the Legionaries of Christ	1	0
	Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers)	1	0
	Missionaries of the Sacred Heart	1	1
	Order of Augustinian Recollects	1	0
	Order of Discalced Carmelites	1	1
	Order of Cistercians	1	1
	Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)	5	4
	Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins)	4	1
	Order of Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans)	3	3
	Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Oblates)	1	0
	Mariamite Maronite Order (Aleppians)	1	0
	Order of Preachers (Dominicans)	4	2
	Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpicians)	1	0
	Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Salesians)	10	5
	Society of Jesus (Jesuits)	9	4
	Society of the Divine Word (Verbites)	2	2
None	Secular clergy	180	89
Total	243	121

Cardinals by continent

For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name. The statistics for the global distribution of Catholics in the table below are sourced from the 2023 edition of the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Statistical Yearbook of the Church), published in 2025.

Continent	All cardinals	Cardinal electors	Percentage of global Catholic population (2023)
Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage
Africa	28	11.5%	14	11.6%	20.0%
North America	35	14.4%	19	15.7%	20.4%
South America	30	12.3%	17	14.0%	27.4%
Asia	36	14.8%	22	18.2%	11.0%
Europe	110	45.3%	45	37.2%	20.4%
Oceania	4	1.6%	4	3.3%	0.8%
Total	243	100.0%	121	100.0%	100.0%

Cardinals by country

At present, 92 countries are represented in the College of Cardinals, including 66 with at least one cardinal elector. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinals are Italy (50), the United States (16), and Spain (13). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest numbers are Italy (16), the United States (9), and Brazil (7).

Country	Continent	All cardinals	Cardinal electors
Albania	Europe	1	0
Algeria	Africa	1	1
Argentina	South America	6	4
Australia	Oceania	1	1
Austria	Europe	1	0
Bangladesh	Asia	1	0
Belgium	Europe	1	1
Bolivia	South America	1	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe	1	0
Brazil	South America	8	7
Burkina Faso	Africa	1	0
Canada	North America	5	4
Cape Verde	Africa	1	1
Central African Republic	Africa	1	1
Chile	South America	4	1
Colombia	South America	3	1
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Africa	1	1
Croatia	Europe	1	1
Cuba	North America	1	1
Dominican Republic	North America	1	0
East Timor	Asia	1	1
Ecuador	South America	1	1
El Salvador	North America	1	0
Ethiopia	Africa	1	1
France	Europe	7	4
Germany	Europe	6	3
Ghana	Africa	1	1
Guatemala	North America	1	1
Guinea	Africa	1	0
Haiti	North America	1	1
Honduras	North America	1	0
Hong Kong	Asia	3	1
Hungary	Europe	1	1
India	Asia	6	4
Indonesia	Asia	2	1
Iran	Asia	1	1
Iraq	Asia	1	1
Ireland	Europe	1	0
Italy	Europe	50	16
Ivory Coast	Africa	2	1
Japan	Asia	2	2
Jerusalem	Asia	1	1
Kenya	Africa	1	0
South Korea	Asia	2	1
Laos	Asia	1	0
Latvia	Europe	1	0
Lebanon	Asia	1	0
Lithuania	Europe	3	1
Luxembourg	Europe	1	1
Madagascar	Africa	1	1
Malaysia	Asia	1	1
Mali	Africa	1	0
Malta	Europe	1	1
Mauritius	Africa	1	0
Mexico	North America	6	2
Mongolia	Asia	1	1
Morocco	Africa	1	1
Mozambique	Africa	1	0
Myanmar	Asia	1	1
Netherlands	Europe	1	1
New Zealand	Oceania	1	1
Nicaragua	North America	1	1
Nigeria	Africa	4	1
Pakistan	Asia	1	0
Panama	North America	1	0
Papua New Guinea	Oceania	1	1
Paraguay	South America	1	1
Peru	South America	3	1
Philippines	Asia	5	3
Poland	Europe	5	3
Portugal	Europe	6	4
Rwanda	Africa	1	1
Senegal	Africa	1	0
Serbia	Europe	1	1
Singapore	Asia	1	1
Slovenia	Europe	1	0
South Africa	Africa	2	1
South Sudan	Africa	1	1
Spain	Europe	13	3
Sri Lanka	Asia	1	1
Sudan	Africa	1	0
Sweden	Europe	1	1
Switzerland	Europe	2	2
Tanzania	Africa	1	1
Thailand	Asia	2	1
Tonga	Oceania	1	1
Uganda	Africa	1	0
United Kingdom	Europe	4	1
United States	North America	16	9
Uruguay	South America	1	1
Venezuela	South America	2	0
Vietnam	Asia	1	0
Total	243	121