List of countries by Human Development Index

The Human Development Index, or HDI, offers a unique lens through which to view a nation's prosperity — looking beyond mere economic output to focus on the well-being of its people. Developed by the United Nations, it redefines what it means for a country to thrive, measuring progress not just in wealth, but in health and knowledge. It reveals a fascinating global tapestry of human progress and ongoing challenges. The HDI provides a holistic view of national development, combining measures of health, education, and living standards into a single score. While widely accepted, the HDI has evolved with criticism, leading to specialized indices that account for inequality, gender, and environmental impact. Global trends show significant strides in human development over recent decades, though disparities persist across regions and within countries.

Source: Wikipedia

AI Summary

The Human Development Index, or HDI, offers a unique lens through which to view a nation's prosperity — looking beyond mere economic output to focus on the well-being of its people. Developed by the United Nations, it redefines what it means for a country to thrive, measuring progress not just in wealth, but in health and knowledge. It reveals a fascinating global tapestry of human progress and ongoing challenges.

Beyond GDP: A New Measure of Progress

For a long time, Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, was the go-to number for judging a country's success. But a high GDP doesn't always tell the full story of human well-being. Recognizing this, the United Nations Development Programme — UNDP — introduced something groundbreaking: the Human Development Index, or HDI, in 1990.

The HDI was designed to be a more comprehensive measure, shifting the focus from purely economic growth to a broader understanding of human potential. It challenges us to think: What truly makes a country a good place to live for its citizens? The answer lies in three fundamental dimensions.

The Three Pillars of Human Development

To capture a fuller picture of development, the HDI looks at three core areas. First, a long and healthy life. Second, access to knowledge. And third, a decent standard of living. These pillars form the foundation of what it means for a society to flourish.

Each of these dimensions is quantified using specific indicators. For 'a long and healthy life,' we look at life expectancy at birth. For 'knowledge,' it's about both expected years of schooling for children and the mean years of schooling for adults. And for 'a decent standard of living,' the measure is Gross National Income per capita.

Dimensions	Indicators	Dimension index
Long and healthy life	Life expectancy at birth	Life expectancy index
Knowledge	Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling	Education index
A decent standard of living	GNI per capita (PPP $)	GNI index

Calculating the Index: A Geometric Harmony

These indicators are transformed into three separate indices — a health index, an education index, and an income index — each scaled between 0 and 1. To arrive at the final HDI score, the UNDP doesn't just average them; it uses a geometric mean. This method ensures that progress in all three areas is valued equally, and that a deficiency in one isn't fully compensated by strong performance in another.

The resulting HDI value ranges from 0 to 1. A score closer to 1 signifies a very high level of human development, while a score closer to 0 indicates a lower level. This single number offers a powerful snapshot of a nation's human progress.

\text{HDI} = \sqrt[3]{\text{Health Index} \times \text{Education Index} \times \text{Income Index}}

Categorizing Development: From Low to Very High

Based on their HDI scores, countries are grouped into four categories. A score above 0.800 is considered 'very high human development.' Between 0.700 and 0.799 is 'high.' The 'medium' category ranges from 0.550 to 0.699. And finally, below 0.550 falls into 'low human development.' These categories help contextualize a country's standing on the global stage.

Evolving Measures: Addressing Criticisms

While the HDI is the most widely recognized measure of human development, it hasn't been without its critics. Some argue that its factors are weighted imperfectly, or that it overlooks crucial elements like equality and environmental sustainability. The UNDP has listened and responded, evolving its reporting over time.

For instance, to address concerns about internal disparities, the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, or IHDI, was introduced in 2010. This index discounts a country's HDI score based on the level of inequality across its population. The greater the inequality, the lower the IHDI compared to the standard HDI.

Similarly, recognizing the importance of gender equality, the Gender Development Index — GDI — was introduced much earlier, in 1995. This index specifically examines disparities between men and women in the HDI's core dimensions, shining a light on where progress is still needed.

More recently, in 2020, the UNDP introduced the Planetary Pressures–Adjusted Human Development Index, or PHDI. This innovative measure accounts for a country's ecological footprint, effectively lowering the scores of nations with higher environmental impact. It encourages us to consider development not just in human terms, but also within planetary boundaries.

Beyond national averages, the Subnational HDI (SHDI) was introduced in 2018 by the Global Data Lab. This granular index provides data for over 1,600 regions within countries, revealing often-hidden developmental differences that national averages can obscure. It’s a powerful tool for localized policy-making.

The Global Snapshot: Top Performers (2023)

The latest Human Development Report includes data for 193 UN member states, along with Hong Kong and Palestine. While a full list is extensive, we can look at the top-ranked nations to see which countries currently lead in human development. These are often characterized by robust social welfare systems, excellent education, and high life expectancies.

Rank	Δ	Country or territory	HDI value	% annual growth (2010–2023)
1	(2)	Iceland	0.972	0.28%
2	(1)	Norway	0.970	0.25%
3	(2)	Switzerland	0.967	0.24%
4	(2)	Denmark	0.962	0.35%
5	(1)	Germany	0.959	0.19%
6	(0)	Sweden	0.959	0.38%
7	(1)	Australia	0.958	0.20%
8	(2)	Netherlands	0.955	0.26%
9	(1)	Hong Kong	0.955	0.38%
10	(3)	Belgium	0.951	0.26%

Interestingly, some countries show remarkable annual growth in their HDI values, indicating rapid improvements in living standards, education, and health. For example, the United Arab Emirates saw a 1.04% annual growth, jumping 27 ranks to 15th overall, while China achieved 1.02% annual growth, moving 16 ranks to 78th.

It's important to remember that HDI values are generally not comparable across different Human Development Reports due to methodological updates and improved data. Each report recalculates past HDI values to ensure consistency within its own publication.

Regional Stories of Progress

The Human Development Report also aggregates HDI data by regions and country groupings, painting a broad picture of global trends. The world as a whole has seen a consistent increase in HDI, reflecting overall improvements in health, education, and living standards over the past few decades.

Regions like East Asia and the Pacific, and South Asia have shown some of the highest annual growth rates since 1990, demonstrating significant strides in human development. These regions have lifted millions out of poverty and invested heavily in education and healthcare.

Conversely, while Sub-Saharan Africa has also made progress, its growth rate, though positive, often trails other regions, highlighting ongoing challenges. These aggregated figures allow us to identify areas of success and regions that require continued focus and support in their development journeys.

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List of countries by Human Development Index

World map of countries or territories by Human Development Index scores in increments of 0.050 (based on 2023 data, published in 2025):

The HDI is the most widely used indicator of human development and has changed how people view the concept. However, several aspects of the index have received criticism. Some scholars have criticized how the factors are weighed, in particular how an additional year of life expectancy is valued differently between countries; and the limited factors it considers, noting the omission of factors such as the levels of distributional and gender inequality. In response to the former, the UNDP introduced the inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) in its 2010 report, and in response to the latter the Gender Development Index (GDI) was introduced in the 1995 report. Others have criticized the perceived oversimplification of using a single number per country.

To reflect developmental differences within countries, a subnational HDI (SHDI) featuring data for more than 1,600 regions was introduced in 2018 by the Global Data Lab at Radboud University in the Netherlands. In 2020, the UNDP introduced another index, the planetary pressures–adjusted Human Development Index (PHDI), which decreases the scores of countries with a higher ecological footprint.

Dimensions and indicators

List of countries by Human Development Index

The HDI was first published in 1990 with the goal of being a more comprehensive measure of human development than purely economic measures such as gross domestic product. The index incorporates three dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and decent living standards. Various indicators are used to quantify how countries perform on each dimension. The indicators used in the 2022 report were life expectancy at birth; expected years of schooling for children; mean years of schooling for adults; and gross national income per capita. The indicators are used to create a health index, an education index and an income index, each with a value between 0 and 1. The geometric mean of the three indices—that is, the cube root of the product of the indices—is the human development index. A value above 0.800 is classified as very high, between 0.700 and 0.799 as high, 0.550 to 0.699 as medium, and below 0.550 as low.

The data used to calculate HDI comes mostly from United Nations agencies and international institutions, such as United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Rarely, when one of the indicators is missing, cross-country regression models are used. Due to improved data and methodology updates, HDI values are not comparable across human development reports; instead, each report recalculates the HDI for some previous years.

Average annual HDI growth from 2010 to 2023 published in 2025:

<table><thead><tr><th>Dimensions</th><th>Indicators</th><th>Dimension index</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Long and healthy life</td><td>Life expectancy at birth</td><td>Life expectancy index</td></tr><tr><td>Knowledge</td><td>Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling</td><td>Education index</td></tr><tr><td>A decent standard of living</td><td>GNI per capita (PPP $)</td><td>GNI index</td></tr></tbody></table>

List

List of countries by Human Development Index

The Human Development Report includes data for all 193 member states of the United Nations, as well as Hong Kong and Palestine. However, the Human Development Index is not calculated for two UN member states: Monaco and North Korea, only some components of the index are calculated for these two countries. The Cook Islands, the Holy See (Vatican City), and Niue are the only three state parties within the United Nations System which are not included in the report. In total, the HDI is available for 192 countries and one territory.

<table><thead><tr><th>Rank</th><th>Change since 2015</th><th>Country or territory</th><th>HDI value</th><th>% annual growth (2010–2023)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>(2)</td><td>Iceland</td><td>0.972</td><td>0.28%</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>(1)</td><td>Norway</td><td>0.970</td><td>0.25%</td></tr><tr><td></td><td> Switzerland</td><td>0.24%</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>(2)</td><td>Denmark</td><td>0.962</td><td>0.35%</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>(1)</td><td>Germany</td><td>0.959</td><td>0.19%</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Sweden</td><td>0.38%</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>(1)</td><td>Australia</td><td>0.958</td><td>0.20%</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>(1)</td><td>Hong Kong</td><td>0.955</td><td>0.38%</td></tr><tr><td>(2)</td><td>Netherlands</td><td>0.26%</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>(3)</td><td>Belgium</td><td>0.951</td><td>0.26%</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>(4)</td><td>Ireland</td><td>0.949</td><td>0.38%</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>(4)</td><td>Finland</td><td>0.948</td><td>0.27%</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>(2)</td><td>Singapore</td><td>0.946</td><td>0.25%</td></tr><tr><td>(2)</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td>0.24%</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>(27)</td><td>United Arab Emirates</td><td>0.940</td><td>1.04%</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>(2)</td><td>Canada</td><td>0.939</td><td>0.22%</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>(1)</td><td>Liechtenstein</td><td>0.938</td><td>0.23%</td></tr><tr><td>(5)</td><td>New Zealand</td><td>0.13%</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>United States</td><td>0.10%</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>(1)</td><td>South Korea</td><td>0.937</td><td>0.36%</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>(2)</td><td>Slovenia</td><td>0.931</td><td>0.33%</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>(3)</td><td>Austria</td><td>0.930</td><td>0.21%</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>(3)</td><td>Japan</td><td>0.925</td><td>0.16%</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>(5)</td><td>Malta</td><td>0.924</td><td>0.50%</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>(3)</td><td>Luxembourg</td><td>0.922</td><td>0.14%</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>(1)</td><td>France</td><td>0.920</td><td>0.28%</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>(3)</td><td>Israel</td><td>0.919</td><td>0.26%</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td></td><td>Spain</td><td>0.918</td><td>0.40%</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>(3)</td><td>Czechia</td><td>0.915</td><td>0.22%</td></tr><tr><td>(1)</td><td>Italy</td><td>0.30%</td></tr><tr><td>(2)</td><td>San Marino</td><td>0.32%</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>(1)</td><td>Andorra</td><td>0.913</td><td>0.20%</td></tr><tr><td>(3)</td><td>Cyprus</td><td>0.45%</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>(3)</td><td>Greece</td><td>0.908</td><td>0.18%</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>(1)</td><td>Poland</td><td>0.906</td><td>0.35%</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>(5)</td><td>Estonia</td><td>0.905</td><td>0.33%</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>(9)</td><td>Saudi Arabia</td><td>0.900</td><td>0.70%</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>(1)</td><td>Bahrain</td><td>0.899</td><td>0.80%</td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>(4)</td><td>Lithuania</td><td>0.895</td><td>0.32%</td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>(2)</td><td>Portugal</td><td>0.890</td><td>0.42%</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>(1)</td><td>Croatia</td><td>0.889</td><td>0.53%</td></tr><tr><td>(4)</td><td>Latvia</td><td>0.51%</td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>(4)</td><td>Qatar</td><td>0.886</td><td>0.45%</td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>(6)</td><td>Slovakia</td><td>0.880</td><td>0.14%</td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>(1)</td><td>Chile</td><td>0.878</td><td>0.47%</td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td>(1)</td><td>Hungary</td><td>0.870</td><td>0.22%</td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td>(7)</td><td>Argentina</td><td>0.865</td><td>0.15%</td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td></td><td>Montenegro</td><td>0.862</td><td>0.38%</td></tr><tr><td>(13)</td><td>Uruguay</td><td>0.47%</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>(1)</td><td>Oman</td><td>0.858</td><td>0.22%</td></tr><tr><td>51</td><td>(7)</td><td>Turkey</td><td>0.853</td><td>1.10%</td></tr><tr><td>52</td><td>(1)</td><td>Kuwait</td><td>0.852</td><td>0.36%</td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td>(5)</td><td>Antigua and Barbuda</td><td>0.851</td><td>0.18%</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>(5)</td><td>Seychelles</td><td>0.848</td><td>0.30%</td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>(1)</td><td>Bulgaria</td><td>0.845</td><td>0.09%</td></tr><tr><td>(2)</td><td>Romania</td><td>0.14%</td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>(6)</td><td>Georgia</td><td>0.844</td><td>0.54%</td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>(4)</td><td>Saint Kitts and Nevis</td><td>0.840</td><td>0.49%</td></tr><tr><td>59</td><td>(6)</td><td>Panama</td><td>0.839</td><td>0.47%</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>(12)</td><td>Brunei</td><td>0.837</td><td>0.13%</td></tr><tr><td>(1)</td><td>Kazakhstan</td><td>0.38%</td></tr><tr><td>62</td><td>(3)</td><td>Costa Rica</td><td>0.833</td><td>0.39%</td></tr><tr><td>(5)</td><td>Serbia</td><td>0.39%</td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>(12)</td><td>Russia</td><td>0.832</td><td>0.25%</td></tr><tr><td>65</td><td>(10)</td><td>Belarus</td><td>0.824</td><td>0.12%</td></tr><tr><td>66</td><td>(3)</td><td>Bahamas</td><td>0.820</td><td>0.21%</td></tr><tr><td>67</td><td>(2)</td><td>Malaysia</td><td>0.819</td><td>0.41%</td></tr><tr><td>68</td><td>(4)</td><td>North Macedonia</td><td>0.815</td><td>0.21%</td></tr><tr><td>69</td><td></td><td>Armenia</td><td>0.811</td><td>0.52%</td></tr><tr><td>(9)</td><td>Barbados</td><td>0.18%</td></tr><tr><td>71</td><td></td><td>Albania</td><td>0.810</td><td>0.25%</td></tr><tr><td>72</td><td>(10)</td><td>Trinidad and Tobago</td><td>0.807</td><td>0.30%</td></tr><tr><td>73</td><td></td><td>Mauritius</td><td>0.806</td><td>0.44%</td></tr><tr><td>74</td><td>(7)</td><td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td><td>0.804</td><td>0.68%</td></tr><tr><td>75</td><td>(1)</td><td>Iran</td><td>0.799</td><td>0.26%</td></tr><tr><td>76</td><td>(11)</td><td>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</td><td>0.798</td><td>0.17%</td></tr><tr><td>(2)</td><td>Thailand</td><td>0.65%</td></tr><tr><td>78</td><td>(16)</td><td>China</td><td>0.797</td><td>1.02%</td></tr><tr><td>79</td><td>(5)</td><td>Peru</td><td>0.794</td><td>0.42%</td></tr><tr><td>80</td><td>(4)</td><td>Grenada</td><td>0.791</td><td>0.15%</td></tr><tr><td>81</td><td>(1)</td><td>Azerbaijan</td><td>0.789</td><td>0.30%</td></tr><tr><td>(2)</td><td>Mexico</td><td>0.37%</td></tr><tr><td>83</td><td>(3)</td><td>Colombia</td><td>0.788</td><td>0.29%</td></tr><tr><td>84</td><td>(4)</td><td>Brazil</td><td>0.786</td><td>0.43%</td></tr><tr><td>(17)</td><td>Palau</td><td>0.23%</td></tr><tr><td>86</td><td>(5)</td><td>Moldova</td><td>0.785</td><td>0.53%</td></tr><tr><td>87</td><td>(10)</td><td>Ukraine</td><td>0.779</td><td>0.35%</td></tr><tr><td>88</td><td></td><td>Ecuador</td><td>0.777</td><td>0.32%</td></tr><tr><td>89</td><td>(6)</td><td>Dominican Republic</td><td>0.776</td><td>0.67%</td></tr><tr><td>(33)</td><td>Guyana</td><td>1.11%</td></tr><tr><td>(8)</td><td>Sri Lanka</td><td>0.50%</td></tr><tr><td>92</td><td>(4)</td><td>Tonga</td><td>0.769</td><td>0.35%</td></tr><tr><td>93</td><td>(10)</td><td>Maldives</td><td>0.766</td><td>0.81%</td></tr><tr><td>(16)</td><td>Vietnam</td><td>0.60%</td></tr><tr><td>95</td><td>(8)</td><td>Turkmenistan</td><td>0.764</td><td>0.52%</td></tr><tr><td>96</td><td>(3)</td><td>Algeria</td><td>0.763</td><td>0.27%</td></tr><tr><td>97</td><td>(16)</td><td>Cuba</td><td>0.762</td><td>0.16%</td></tr><tr><td>98</td><td></td><td>Dominica</td><td>0.761</td><td>0.06%</td></tr><tr><td>99</td><td></td><td>Paraguay</td><td>0.756</td><td>0.36%</td></tr><tr><td>100</td><td>(15)</td><td>Egypt</td><td>0.754</td><td>0.73%</td></tr><tr><td>(4)</td><td>Jordan</td><td>0.10%</td></tr><tr><td>102</td><td>(12)</td><td>Lebanon</td><td>0.752</td><td>0.29%</td></tr><tr><td>103</td><td>(11)</td><td>Saint Lucia</td><td>0.748</td><td>0.07%</td></tr><tr><td>104</td><td>(11)</td><td>Mongolia</td><td>0.747</td><td>0.48%</td></tr><tr><td>105</td><td>(4)</td><td>Tunisia</td><td>0.746</td><td>0.22%</td></tr><tr><td>106</td><td>(1)</td><td>South Africa</td><td>0.741</td><td>0.50%</td></tr><tr><td>107</td><td>(7)</td><td>Uzbekistan</td><td>0.740</td><td>0.62%</td></tr><tr><td>108</td><td>(8)</td><td>Bolivia</td><td>0.733</td><td>0.45%</td></tr><tr><td>(1)</td><td>Gabon</td><td>0.46%</td></tr><tr><td>(11)</td><td>Marshall Islands</td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td>111</td><td>(9)</td><td>Botswana</td><td>0.731</td><td>0.69%</td></tr><tr><td>(1)</td><td>Fiji</td><td>0.35%</td></tr><tr><td>113</td><td>(4)</td><td>Indonesia</td><td>0.728</td><td>0.56%</td></tr><tr><td>114</td><td>(6)</td><td>Suriname</td><td>0.722</td><td>0.07%</td></tr><tr><td>115</td><td>(9)</td><td>Belize</td><td>0.721</td><td>0.23%</td></tr><tr><td>(14)</td><td>Libya</td><td>0.31%</td></tr><tr><td>117</td><td>(6)</td><td>Jamaica</td><td>0.720</td><td>0.06%</td></tr><tr><td>(1)</td><td>Kyrgyzstan</td><td>0.49%</td></tr><tr><td>(3)</td><td>Philippines</td><td>0.45%</td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>(7)</td><td>Morocco</td><td>0.710</td><td>1.21%</td></tr><tr><td>121</td><td>(37)</td><td>Venezuela</td><td>0.709</td><td>0.68%</td></tr><tr><td>122</td><td>(9)</td><td>Samoa</td><td>0.708</td><td>0.02%</td></tr><tr><td>123</td><td></td><td>Nicaragua</td><td>0.706</td><td>0.76%</td></tr><tr><td>124</td><td>(2)</td><td>Nauru</td><td>0.703</td><td>1.84%</td></tr><tr><td>125</td><td>(9)</td><td>Bhutan</td><td>0.698</td><td>1.32%</td></tr><tr><td>126</td><td>(16)</td><td>Eswatini</td><td>0.695</td><td>1.70%</td></tr><tr><td>(2)</td><td>Iraq</td><td>0.57%</td></tr><tr><td>128</td><td></td><td>Tajikistan</td><td>0.691</td><td>0.61%</td></tr><tr><td>129</td><td>(1)</td><td>Tuvalu</td><td>0.689</td><td>0.39%</td></tr><tr><td>130</td><td>(9)</td><td>Bangladesh</td><td>0.685</td><td>1.54%</td></tr><tr><td>(5)</td><td>India</td><td>0.99%</td></tr><tr><td>132</td><td>(7)</td><td>El Salvador</td><td>0.678</td><td>0.21%</td></tr><tr><td>133</td><td>(2)</td><td>Equatorial Guinea</td><td>0.674</td><td>0.54%</td></tr><tr><td>(21)</td><td>Palestine</td><td>0.33%</td></tr><tr><td>135</td><td>(7)</td><td>Cape Verde</td><td>0.668</td><td>0.15%</td></tr><tr><td>136</td><td></td><td>Namibia</td><td>0.665</td><td>0.36%</td></tr><tr><td>137</td><td>(4)</td><td>Guatemala</td><td>0.662</td><td>0.21%</td></tr><tr><td>138</td><td>(6)</td><td>Republic of the Congo</td><td>0.649</td><td>0.17%</td></tr><tr><td>139</td><td>(1)</td><td>Honduras</td><td>0.645</td><td>0.38%</td></tr><tr><td>140</td><td>(2)</td><td>Kiribati</td><td>0.644</td><td>0.61%</td></tr><tr><td>141</td><td></td><td>São Tomé and Príncipe</td><td>0.637</td><td>0.86%</td></tr><tr><td>142</td><td>(5)</td><td>Timor-Leste</td><td>0.634</td><td>1.01%</td></tr><tr><td>143</td><td>(4)</td><td>Ghana</td><td>0.628</td><td>0.44%</td></tr><tr><td>(5)</td><td>Kenya</td><td>0.82%</td></tr><tr><td>145</td><td>(5)</td><td>  Nepal</td><td>0.622</td><td>0.85%</td></tr><tr><td>146</td><td></td><td>Vanuatu</td><td>0.621</td><td>0.50%</td></tr><tr><td>147</td><td>(4)</td><td>Laos</td><td>0.617</td><td>0.90%</td></tr><tr><td>148</td><td>(3)</td><td>Angola</td><td>0.616</td><td>1.14%</td></tr><tr><td>149</td><td>(6)</td><td>Micronesia</td><td>0.615</td><td>0.13%</td></tr><tr><td>150</td><td>(3)</td><td>Myanmar</td><td>0.609</td><td>1.54%</td></tr><tr><td>151</td><td>(5)</td><td>Cambodia</td><td>0.606</td><td>0.85%</td></tr><tr><td>152</td><td>(2)</td><td>Comoros</td><td>0.603</td><td>0.94%</td></tr><tr><td>153</td><td>(1)</td><td>Zimbabwe</td><td>0.598</td><td>1.12%</td></tr><tr><td>154</td><td></td><td>Zambia</td><td>0.595</td><td>0.63%</td></tr><tr><td>155</td><td>(5)</td><td>Cameroon</td><td>0.588</td><td>1.10%</td></tr><tr><td>156</td><td>(7)</td><td>Solomon Islands</td><td>0.584</td><td>0.13%</td></tr><tr><td>157</td><td>(10)</td><td>Ivory Coast</td><td>0.582</td><td>1.07%</td></tr><tr><td>(3)</td><td>Uganda</td><td>0.80%</td></tr><tr><td>159</td><td>(5)</td><td>Rwanda</td><td>0.578</td><td>1.02%</td></tr><tr><td>160</td><td>(1)</td><td>Papua New Guinea</td><td>0.576</td><td>1.12%</td></tr><tr><td>161</td><td>(4)</td><td>Togo</td><td>0.571</td><td>1.29%</td></tr><tr><td>162</td><td>(3)</td><td>Syria</td><td>0.564</td><td>1.42%</td></tr><tr><td>163</td><td>(5)</td><td>Mauritania</td><td>0.563</td><td>0.51%</td></tr><tr><td>164</td><td>(2)</td><td>Nigeria</td><td>0.560</td><td>0.97%</td></tr><tr><td>165</td><td>(1)</td><td>Tanzania</td><td>0.555</td><td>0.64%</td></tr><tr><td>166</td><td>(9)</td><td>Haiti</td><td>0.554</td><td>1.74%</td></tr><tr><td>167</td><td>(1)</td><td>Lesotho</td><td>0.550</td><td>0.86%</td></tr><tr><td>168</td><td>(5)</td><td>Pakistan</td><td>0.544</td><td>0.71%</td></tr><tr><td>169</td><td>(1)</td><td>Senegal</td><td>0.530</td><td>0.80%</td></tr><tr><td>170</td><td>(5)</td><td>Gambia</td><td>0.524</td><td>0.82%</td></tr><tr><td>171</td><td>(8)</td><td>Democratic Republic of the Congo</td><td>0.522</td><td>1.06%</td></tr><tr><td>172</td><td>(1)</td><td>Malawi</td><td>0.517</td><td>0.81%</td></tr><tr><td>173</td><td>(4)</td><td>Benin</td><td>0.515</td><td>0.39%</td></tr><tr><td>174</td><td>(2)</td><td>Guinea-Bissau</td><td>0.514</td><td>0.76%</td></tr><tr><td>175</td><td>(6)</td><td>Djibouti</td><td>0.513</td><td>1.67%</td></tr><tr><td>176</td><td>(3)</td><td>Sudan</td><td>0.511</td><td>0.45%</td></tr><tr><td>177</td><td></td><td>Liberia</td><td>0.510</td><td>0.48%</td></tr><tr><td>178</td><td>(1)</td><td>Eritrea</td><td>0.503</td><td>0.62%</td></tr><tr><td>179</td><td>(3)</td><td>Guinea</td><td>0.500</td><td>1.06%</td></tr><tr><td>180</td><td>(4)</td><td>Ethiopia</td><td>0.497</td><td>1.55%</td></tr><tr><td>181</td><td>(7)</td><td>Afghanistan</td><td>0.496</td><td>0.24%</td></tr><tr><td>182</td><td>(1)</td><td>Mozambique</td><td>0.493</td><td>1.04%</td></tr><tr><td>183</td><td>(11)</td><td>Madagascar</td><td>0.487</td><td>0.02%</td></tr><tr><td>184</td><td>(4)</td><td>Yemen</td><td>0.470</td><td>1.30%</td></tr><tr><td>185</td><td></td><td>Sierra Leone</td><td>0.467</td><td>0.80%</td></tr><tr><td>186</td><td>(1)</td><td>Burkina Faso</td><td>0.459</td><td>1.37%</td></tr><tr><td>187</td><td>(2)</td><td>Burundi</td><td>0.439</td><td>0.32%</td></tr><tr><td>188</td><td></td><td>Mali</td><td>0.419</td><td>0.08%</td></tr><tr><td>(3)</td><td>Niger</td><td>1.34%</td></tr><tr><td>190</td><td>(1)</td><td>Chad</td><td>0.416</td><td>0.66%</td></tr><tr><td>191</td><td>(1)</td><td>Central African Republic</td><td>0.414</td><td>0.58%</td></tr><tr><td>192</td><td>N/A</td><td>Somalia</td><td>0.404</td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td>193</td><td></td><td>South Sudan</td><td>0.388</td><td>0.61%</td></tr></tbody></table>

Regions and groups

List of countries by Human Development Index

The Human Development Report also reports the HDI for various groups of countries. These include regional groupings based on the UNDP regional classifications, HDI groups including the countries currently falling into a given HDI bracket, OECD members and various other UN groupings. The aggregate HDI values are calculated in the same way as for individual countries with the input data being the weighted average for all countries with available data in the group.

<table><thead><tr><th>Region or group</th><th>1990</th><th>2000</th><th>2010</th><th>2015</th><th>2020</th><th>2021</th><th>2022</th><th>2023</th><th>Annual growth (1990-2023)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>OECD</td><td>0.801</td><td>0.846</td><td>0.883</td><td>0.899</td><td>0.903</td><td>0.904</td><td>0.910</td><td>0.916</td><td>+0.41%</td></tr><tr><td>Very high human development</td><td>0.797</td><td>0.838</td><td>0.879</td><td>0.898</td><td>0.901</td><td>0.903</td><td>0.908</td><td>0.914</td><td>+0.42%</td></tr><tr><td>Europe and Central Asia</td><td>0.674</td><td>0.686</td><td>0.753</td><td>0.789</td><td>0.802</td><td>0.803</td><td>0.815</td><td>0.818</td><td>+0.59%</td></tr><tr><td>Latin America and the Caribbean</td><td>0.648</td><td>0.697</td><td>0.747</td><td>0.767</td><td>0.764</td><td>0.762</td><td>0.778</td><td>0.783</td><td>+0.58%</td></tr><tr><td>High human development</td><td>0.569</td><td>0.636</td><td>0.714</td><td>0.744</td><td>0.763</td><td>0.766</td><td>0.774</td><td>0.777</td><td>+0.95%</td></tr><tr><td>East Asia and the Pacific</td><td>0.514</td><td>0.604</td><td>0.699</td><td>0.735</td><td>0.764</td><td>0.768</td><td>0.773</td><td>0.775</td><td>+1.25%</td></tr><tr><td>World</td><td>0.608</td><td>0.651</td><td>0.707</td><td>0.731</td><td>0.742</td><td>0.742</td><td>0.752</td><td>0.756</td><td>+0.66%</td></tr><tr><td>Small Island Developing States</td><td>0.617</td><td>0.660</td><td>0.702</td><td>0.727</td><td>0.731</td><td>0.727</td><td>0.737</td><td>0.739</td><td>+0.55%</td></tr><tr><td>Arab states</td><td>0.550</td><td>0.615</td><td>0.670</td><td>0.693</td><td>0.707</td><td>0.710</td><td>0.716</td><td>0.719</td><td>+0.82%</td></tr><tr><td>Developing countries</td><td>0.520</td><td>0.576</td><td>0.649</td><td>0.680</td><td>0.696</td><td>0.696</td><td>0.708</td><td>0.712</td><td>+0.96%</td></tr><tr><td>South Asia</td><td>0.454</td><td>0.508</td><td>0.590</td><td>0.627</td><td>0.645</td><td>0.641</td><td>0.665</td><td>0.672</td><td>+1.20%</td></tr><tr><td>Medium human development</td><td>0.439</td><td>0.491</td><td>0.573</td><td>0.611</td><td>0.631</td><td>0.629</td><td>0.649</td><td>0.656</td><td>+1.22%</td></tr><tr><td>Sub-Saharan Africa</td><td>0.405</td><td>0.435</td><td>0.510</td><td>0.540</td><td>0.557</td><td>0.558</td><td>0.565</td><td>0.568</td><td>+1.03%</td></tr><tr><td>Least developed countries</td><td>0.360</td><td>0.411</td><td>0.494</td><td>0.526</td><td>0.550</td><td>0.549</td><td>0.555</td><td>0.560</td><td>+1.35%</td></tr><tr><td>Low human development</td><td>0.346</td><td>0.393</td><td>0.467</td><td>0.491</td><td>0.507</td><td>0.507</td><td>0.512</td><td>0.515</td><td>+1.21%</td></tr></tbody></table>