List of antidepressants

List of antidepressants

This is a complete list of clinically approved prescription antidepressants throughout the world, as well as clinically approved prescription drugs used to augment antidepressants or mood stabilizers, by pharmacological and/or structural classification. Chemical/generic names are listed first, with brand names in parentheses. All drugs listed are approved specifically for major depressive disorder unless noted otherwise.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

List of antidepressants

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors include:

• Citalopram (Celexa, Cipramil) • Escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex) • Fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem) • Fluvoxamine (Luvox, Faverin) • Paroxetine (Paxil, Seroxat) • Sertraline (Zoloft, Lustral)

Discontinued/withdrawn

• Indalpine (Upstene) • Zimelidine (Normud, Zelmid)

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

List of antidepressants

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include:

• Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) • Duloxetine (Cymbalta) • Levomilnacipran (Fetzima) • Milnacipran (Ixel, Savella, Milnaneurax) • Venlafaxine (Effexor, Trevilor)

Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SDRIs)

List of antidepressants

Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:

Discontinued/withdrawn

• Medifoxamine (Clédial, Gerdaxy)

Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (SNDRIs)

List of antidepressants

Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:

• Dextromethorphan/bupropion (Auvelity) • Toludesvenlafaxine (Ruoxinlin) • Nefazodone (Serzone)

Serotonin modulators and stimulators (SMSs)

List of antidepressants

Serotonin modulators and stimulators include:

• Vilazodone (Viibryd) • Vortioxetine (Trintellix, Brintellix)

Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs)

List of antidepressants

Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors include:

• Nefazodone (Dutonin, Nefadar, Serzone) – withdrawn/discontinued in most countries • Trazodone (Desyrel)

Discontinued/withdrawn

• Etoperidone (Axiomin, Etonin)

Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs)

List of antidepressants

Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include:

• Reboxetine (Edronax) • Teniloxazine (Lucelan, Metatone) – also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist • Viloxazine (Qelbree, formerly Vivalan) – also a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist and 5-HT2C receptor agonist

Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)

List of antidepressants

Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:

• Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Elontril) – also a non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Off-label only

• Amphetamines (Adderall, Vyvanse) – actually norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents (NDRAs) • Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)

Discontinued/withdrawn

• Amineptine (Survector, Maneon) • Nomifensine (Merital, Alival)

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

List of antidepressants

Tricyclic antidepressants include:

• Amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep) • Amitriptylinoxide (Amioxid, Ambivalon, Equilibrin) • Amoxapine (Asendin) • Clomipramine (Anafranil) • Desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane) • Dibenzepin (Noveril, Victoril) • Dimetacrine (Istonil) • Dosulepin (Prothiaden) • Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan) • Imipramine (Tofranil) • Lofepramine (Lomont, Gamanil) • Melitracen (Dixeran, Melixeran, Trausabun) • Nitroxazepine (Sintamil) • Nortriptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl) • Noxiptiline (Agedal, Elronon, Nogedal) • Pipofezine (Azafen/Azaphen) • Protriptyline (Vivactil) • Trimipramine (Surmontil)

Opipramol (Insidon), tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil) and amineptine (discontinued; formerly Survector, Maneon) are chemically TCAs but are pharmacodynamically atypical, and are therefore grouped elsewhere.

Discontinued/withdrawn

• Butriptyline (Evadyne) • Demexiptiline (Deparon, Tinoran) • Fluacizine (Phtorazisin) • Imipraminoxide (Imiprex, Elepsin) • Iprindole (Prondol, Galatur, Tetran) • Metapramine (Timaxel) • Propizepine (Depressin, Vagran) • Quinupramine (Kinupril, Kevopril) • Tiazesim (Altinil) – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant • Tofenacin (Elamol, Tofacine) – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant

Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs)

List of antidepressants

Tetracyclic antidepressants include:

• Maprotiline (Ludiomil) • Mianserin (Tolvon) • Mirtazapine (Remeron) • Setiptiline (Tecipul)

Mianserin, mirtazapine, and setiptiline are also sometimes described as noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs).

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

List of antidepressants

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors include

Non-selective

• Isocarboxazid (Marplan) • Phenelzine (Nardil) • Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

• Benmoxin (Neuralex) • Iproclozide (Sursum) • Iproniazid (Marsilid) • Mebanazine (Actomol) • Nialamide (Niamid) • Octamoxin (Ximaol) • Pheniprazine (Catron) • Phenoxypropazine (Drazine) • Pivhydrazine (Tersavid) • Safrazine (Safra)

Selective for MAO-B

• Selegiline (Eldepryl, Zelapar, Emsam) – also a catecholaminergic activity enhancer and weak norepinephrine releasing agent (via metabolites)

Non-selective

• Caroxazone (Surodil, Timostenil)

Selective for MAO-A

• Metralindole (Inkazan) • Moclobemide (Aurorix, Manerix) • Pirlindole (Pirazidol)

These drugs are sometimes described as reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMAs).

• Eprobemide (Befol) • Minaprine (Brantur, Cantor) • Toloxatone (Humoryl)

Non-selective

• Bifemelane (Alnert, Celeport) – RIMA, irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, and weak NRI

Atypical antipsychotics

List of antidepressants

Atypical antipsychotics include:

• Amisulpride (Solian) – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for persistent depression and major depressive disorder • Levosulpiride – approved in low doses for major depressive disorder • Lumateperone (Caplyta) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression • Lurasidone (Latuda) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression • Quetiapine (Seroquel) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression • Sulpiride – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for major depressive disorder

Others

Marketed

• D-Phenylalanine (DPA, D-Phe; Deprenon, Sabiben, Sabiden) – enkephalinase inhibitor • Agomelatine (Valdoxan) – 5-HT2C receptor antagonist and MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist • Brexanolone (allopregnanolone; Zulresso) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator – approved for postpartum depression • Dextromethorphan/bupropion (Auvelity) • Esketamine (Spravato) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions • Gepirone (Exxua) – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist • Opipramol (Insidon) — σ1 receptor agonist, other actions • Tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil, Tianeurax) – weak and atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist, other actions

Off-label only

• Ketamine (Ketalar) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist

Discontinued/withdrawn

• α-Methyltryptamine [αMT] (Indopan) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), and weak RIMA • Etryptamine [α-Ethyltryptamine (αET)] (Monase) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, SNDRA, and weak RIMA • Indeloxazine (Elen, Noin) – serotonin releasing agent (SRA), NRI, and NMDA receptor antagonist • Oxaflozane (Conflictan) – 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist • Pivagabine (Tonerg) – unknown/unclear mechanism of action

Over-the-counter

The following antidepressants are available both with a prescription and over-the-counter:

• Ademetionine [S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe)] (Heptral, Transmetil, Samyl) – cofactor in monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis • Hypericum perforatum [St. John's Wort (SJW)] (Jarsin, Kira, Movina) – TRPC6 activator, and various other actions • Oxitriptan [5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)] (Cincofarm, Levothym, Triptum) – precursor in serotonin biosynthesis • Tryptophan (Tryptan, Optimax, Aminomine) – precursor in serotonin biosynthesis

Adjunctive treatments

Atypical antipsychotics

Atypical antipsychotics include:

• Aripiprazole (Abilify) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression • Brexpiprazole (Rexulti) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression • Lumateperone (Caplyta) – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression • Lurasidone (Latuda) – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression • Olanzapine (Zyprexa) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression • Quetiapine (Seroquel) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant or mood stabilizer for major depression and bipolar depression

Typical antipsychotics

Typical antipsychotics include:

Off-label only

• Trifluoperazine (Stelazine)

Dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:

Off-label only

• Modafinil (Provigil) • Armodafinil (Nuvigil)

• Buspirone (Buspar) – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist • Lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid) – mood stabilizer (mechanism of action unknown/unclear) • Thyroxine (T4) – thyroid hormone (thyroid hormone receptor agonist) • Triiodothyronine (T3) – thyroid hormone (thyroid hormone receptor agonist)

Combination products

List of antidepressants

• Amitriptyline/chlordiazepoxide (Limbitrol) – TCA and benzodiazepine combination • Amitriptyline/perphenazine (Etafron) – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination • Dextromethorphan/bupropion (Auvelity) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, σ1 receptor agonist, SNRI, NDRI, other actions • Flupentixol/melitracen (Deanxit) – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination • Olanzapine/fluoxetine (Symbyax) – SSRI and atypical antipsychotic combination – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression and treatment-resistant depression • Tranylcypromine/trifluoperazine (Parstelin, Parmodalin, Jatrosom N, Stelapar) – MAOI and typical antipsychotic combination