List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate

This article documents the literacy rate of states and union territories of the Republic of India. The Indian national census is a key source for literacy data. However, a national census has not been conducted since 2011 in India, thus other data sources have been used since then as a reference.

Source: Wikipedia

Article

List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate

Recent estimates

List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate

Literacy rate as per NSC in 2017-18

Literacy rate as per Census 2011

<table><thead><tr><th>State/UT</th><th>Census 2011</th><th>NSC survey (2017)</th><th>PLFS report (2024)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Total</td><td>Male</td><td>Female</td><td>Total</td><td>Male</td><td>Female</td><td>Total</td><td>Male</td><td>Female</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td>74.04</td><td>82.14</td><td>65.46</td><td>77.7</td><td>84.7</td><td>70.3</td><td>80.9</td><td>87.2</td><td>74.6</td></tr><tr><td>Andaman and Nicobar Islands[UT]</td><td>86.63</td><td>90.27</td><td>82.43</td><td>86.27</td><td>90.11</td><td>81.84</td><td>91.1</td><td>95.0</td><td>87.0</td></tr><tr><td>Andhra Pradesh</td><td>67.02</td><td>74.88</td><td>59.15</td><td>67.40</td><td>80.0</td><td>59.5</td><td>72.6</td><td>78.8</td><td>66.8</td></tr><tr><td>Arunachal Pradesh</td><td>65.38</td><td>72.55</td><td>57.70</td><td>66.95</td><td>73.4</td><td>59.50</td><td>84.2</td><td>88.0</td><td>80.3</td></tr><tr><td>Assam</td><td>72.19</td><td>77.85</td><td>66.27</td><td>85.9</td><td>90.1</td><td>81.2</td><td>87.0</td><td>90.3</td><td>83.6</td></tr><tr><td>Bihar</td><td>61.80</td><td>71.20</td><td>51.50</td><td>69.70</td><td>84.91</td><td>73.91</td><td>74.3</td><td>82.3</td><td>66.1</td></tr><tr><td>Chhattisgarh</td><td>70.28</td><td>80.27</td><td>60.24</td><td>77.3</td><td>85.4</td><td>68.8</td><td>78.5</td><td>86.2</td><td>70.6</td></tr><tr><td>Chandigarh[UT]</td><td>86.05</td><td>89.99</td><td>81.19</td><td>86.43</td><td>90.54</td><td>81.38</td><td>93.7</td><td>96.4</td><td>90.7</td></tr><tr><td>Dadra and Nagar Haveli[UT]</td><td>76.34</td><td>85.17</td><td>64.32</td><td>77.65</td><td>86.46</td><td>77.65</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Daman and Diu[UT]</td><td>87.10</td><td>91.54</td><td>79.55</td><td>87.07</td><td>91.48</td><td>87.07</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu[UT]</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>87.8</td><td>93.6</td><td>80.7</td></tr><tr><td>Delhi[UT]</td><td>86.21</td><td>90.94</td><td>80.76</td><td>88.70</td><td>82.40</td><td>93.70</td><td>86.9</td><td>91.6</td><td>81.5</td></tr><tr><td>Goa</td><td>88.70</td><td>92.65</td><td>84.66</td><td>87.4</td><td>92.81</td><td>81.84</td><td>93.6</td><td>97.0</td><td>90.0</td></tr><tr><td>Gujarat</td><td>78.03</td><td>85.75</td><td>69.68</td><td>82.4</td><td>89.5</td><td>74.8</td><td>84.6</td><td>91.2</td><td>77.5</td></tr><tr><td>Haryana</td><td>75.55</td><td>84.06</td><td>65.94</td><td>80.4</td><td>88.0</td><td>71.3</td><td>84.8</td><td>91.4</td><td>77.4</td></tr><tr><td>Himachal Pradesh</td><td>82.80</td><td>89.53</td><td>75.93</td><td>86.6</td><td>92.9</td><td>80.5</td><td>88.8</td><td>94.6</td><td>83.1</td></tr><tr><td>Jammu and Kashmir[UT]</td><td>67.16</td><td>76.75</td><td>56.43</td><td>77.3</td><td>85.7</td><td>68.0</td><td>82.0</td><td>89.6</td><td>73.8</td></tr><tr><td>Jharkhand</td><td>66.41</td><td>76.84</td><td>55.42</td><td>74.3</td><td>83.0</td><td>64.7</td><td>76.7</td><td>82.8</td><td>70.6</td></tr><tr><td>Karnataka</td><td>75.36</td><td>82.47</td><td>68.08</td><td>77.2</td><td>83.4</td><td>70.5</td><td>82.7</td><td>88.1</td><td>77.3</td></tr><tr><td>Kerala</td><td>94.00</td><td>96.11</td><td>91.07</td><td>96.2</td><td>97.4</td><td>95.2</td><td>95.3</td><td>96.7</td><td>94.0</td></tr><tr><td>Lakshadweep[UT]</td><td>91.85</td><td>95.56</td><td>87.95</td><td>92.28</td><td>96.11</td><td>88.25</td><td>97.3</td><td>99.4</td><td>94.8</td></tr><tr><td>Ladakh[UT]</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>81.0</td><td>87.9</td><td>73.1</td></tr><tr><td>Madhya Pradesh</td><td>69.32</td><td>78.73</td><td>59.24</td><td>73.7</td><td>81.2</td><td>65.5</td><td>75.2</td><td>83.1</td><td>67.0</td></tr><tr><td>Maharashtra</td><td>82.34</td><td>88.38</td><td>75.87</td><td>84.8</td><td>90.7</td><td>78.4</td><td>87.3</td><td>92.7</td><td>81.6</td></tr><tr><td>Manipur</td><td>76.94</td><td>83.58</td><td>70.26</td><td>79.85</td><td>86.49</td><td>73.17</td><td>92.0</td><td>94.4</td><td>89.7</td></tr><tr><td>Meghalaya</td><td>74.43</td><td>75.95</td><td>72.89</td><td>75.48</td><td>77.17</td><td>73.78</td><td>94.2</td><td>95.1</td><td>93.5</td></tr><tr><td>Mizoram</td><td>91.33</td><td>93.35</td><td>89.27</td><td>99.01</td><td>93.72</td><td>89.40</td><td>98.2</td><td>99.2</td><td>97.0</td></tr><tr><td>Nagaland</td><td>79.55</td><td>82.75</td><td>76.11</td><td>80.11</td><td>83.29</td><td>80.11</td><td>95.7</td><td>97.2</td><td>94.1</td></tr><tr><td>Odisha</td><td>72.87</td><td>81.59</td><td>64.01</td><td>77.3</td><td>84.0</td><td>70.3</td><td>79.0</td><td>84.9</td><td>73.3</td></tr><tr><td>Puducherry[UT]</td><td>85.85</td><td>91.26</td><td>80.67</td><td>86.55</td><td>92.12</td><td>86.55</td><td>92.7</td><td>96.9</td><td>88.8</td></tr><tr><td>Punjab</td><td>75.84</td><td>80.44</td><td>70.73</td><td>83.7</td><td>88.5</td><td>78.5</td><td>83.4</td><td>87.0</td><td>79.8</td></tr><tr><td>Rajasthan</td><td>66.11</td><td>79.19</td><td>52.12</td><td>69.7</td><td>80.8</td><td>57.6</td><td>75.8</td><td>85.9</td><td>65.8</td></tr><tr><td>Sikkim</td><td>81.42</td><td>86.55</td><td>75.61</td><td>82.2</td><td>87.29</td><td>76.43</td><td>84.7</td><td>89.3</td><td>79.3</td></tr><tr><td>Tamil Nadu</td><td>80.09</td><td>86.77</td><td>73.44</td><td>82.9</td><td>87.9</td><td>77.9</td><td>85.5</td><td>90.0</td><td>81.3</td></tr><tr><td>Telangana</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>72.8</td><td>80.5</td><td>65.1</td><td>76.9</td><td>84.7</td><td>69.4</td></tr><tr><td>Tripura</td><td>87.22</td><td>92.53</td><td>82.73</td><td>87.75</td><td>92.18</td><td>83.15</td><td>93.7</td><td>95.7</td><td>91.6</td></tr><tr><td>Uttarakhand</td><td>78.82</td><td>87.40</td><td>70.01</td><td>87.6</td><td>94.3</td><td>80.7</td><td>83.8</td><td>90.4</td><td>77.2</td></tr><tr><td>Uttar Pradesh</td><td>67.68</td><td>77.28</td><td>57.18</td><td>73.00</td><td>81.8</td><td>63.4</td><td>78.2</td><td>86.0</td><td>70.4</td></tr><tr><td>West Bengal</td><td>76.36</td><td>81.69</td><td>70.54</td><td>80.50</td><td>84.80</td><td>76.10</td><td>82.6</td><td>85.8</td><td>79.3</td></tr></tbody></table>

^ Administered as a Union territory directly by Union government.

Census

List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate

<table><thead><tr><th>State/UT</th><th>1951</th><th>1961</th><th>1971</th><th>1981</th><th>1991</th><th>2001</th><th>2011</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Andaman and Nicobar Islands</td><td>30.30</td><td>40.07</td><td>51.15</td><td>63.19</td><td>73.02</td><td>81.30</td><td>86.63</td></tr><tr><td>Andhra Pradesh</td><td>-</td><td>21.19</td><td>24.57</td><td>35.66</td><td>44.08</td><td>60.47</td><td>67.02</td></tr><tr><td>Arunachal Pradesh</td><td>-</td><td>7.13</td><td>11.29</td><td>25.55</td><td>41.59</td><td>54.34</td><td>65.38</td></tr><tr><td>Assam</td><td>18.53</td><td>32.95</td><td>33.94</td><td>-</td><td>52.89</td><td>63.25</td><td>72.19</td></tr><tr><td>Bihar</td><td>13.49</td><td>21.95</td><td>23.17</td><td>32.32</td><td>37.49</td><td>47.00</td><td>61.80</td></tr><tr><td>Chandigarh</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>70.43</td><td>74.80</td><td>77.81</td><td>81.94</td><td>86.05</td></tr><tr><td>Chhattisgarh</td><td>9.41</td><td>18.14</td><td>24.08</td><td>32.63</td><td>42.91</td><td>64.66</td><td>70.28</td></tr><tr><td>Dadra and Nagar Haveli</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>18.13</td><td>32.90</td><td>40.71</td><td>57.63</td><td>76.24</td></tr><tr><td>Daman and Diu</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>71.20</td><td>78.18</td><td>87.10</td></tr><tr><td>Delhi</td><td>-</td><td>61.95</td><td>65.08</td><td>71.94</td><td>75.29</td><td>81.67</td><td>86.21</td></tr><tr><td>Goa</td><td>23.48</td><td>35.41</td><td>51.96</td><td>65.71</td><td>75.51</td><td>82.01</td><td>88.70</td></tr><tr><td>Gujarat</td><td>21.82</td><td>31.47</td><td>36.95</td><td>44.92</td><td>61.29</td><td>69.14</td><td>78.03</td></tr><tr><td>Haryana</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>25.71</td><td>37.13</td><td>55.85</td><td>67.91</td><td>75.55</td></tr><tr><td>Himachal Pradesh</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>63.86</td><td>76.48</td><td>82.80</td></tr><tr><td>Jammu and Kashmir</td><td>-</td><td>12.95</td><td>21.71</td><td>30.64</td><td>-</td><td>55.52</td><td>67.16</td></tr><tr><td>Jharkhand</td><td>12.93</td><td>21.14</td><td>23.87</td><td>35.03</td><td>41.39</td><td>53.56</td><td>66.41</td></tr><tr><td>Karnataka</td><td>-</td><td>29.80</td><td>36.83</td><td>46.21</td><td>56.04</td><td>66.06</td><td>75.36</td></tr><tr><td>Kerala</td><td>47.18</td><td>55.08</td><td>69.75</td><td>78.85</td><td>89.81</td><td>90.86</td><td>94.00</td></tr><tr><td>Lakshadweep</td><td>15.23</td><td>27.15</td><td>51.76</td><td>68.42</td><td>81.78</td><td>86.66</td><td>91.85</td></tr><tr><td>Madhya Pradesh</td><td>13.16</td><td>21.41</td><td>27.27</td><td>38.63</td><td>44.67</td><td>63.74</td><td>69.32</td></tr><tr><td>Maharashtra</td><td>27.91</td><td>35.08</td><td>45.77</td><td>57.24</td><td>64.87</td><td>76.84</td><td>82.34</td></tr><tr><td>Manipur</td><td>12.57</td><td>36.04</td><td>38.47</td><td>49.66</td><td>59.89</td><td>70.50</td><td>76.94</td></tr><tr><td>Meghalaya</td><td>-</td><td>26.92</td><td>29.49</td><td>42.05</td><td>49.10</td><td>62.56</td><td>74.43</td></tr><tr><td>Mizoram</td><td>31.14</td><td>44.01</td><td>53.80</td><td>59.88</td><td>82.26</td><td>88.80</td><td>91.33</td></tr><tr><td>Nagaland</td><td>10.52</td><td>21.95</td><td>33.78</td><td>50.28</td><td>61.65</td><td>66.59</td><td>79.55</td></tr><tr><td>Odisha</td><td>15.80</td><td>21.66</td><td>26.18</td><td>33.62</td><td>49.09</td><td>63.08</td><td>72.87</td></tr><tr><td>Puducherry</td><td>-</td><td>43.65</td><td>53.38</td><td>65.14</td><td>74.74</td><td>81.24</td><td>85.85</td></tr><tr><td>Punjab</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>34.12</td><td>43.37</td><td>58.51</td><td>69.65</td><td>75.84</td></tr><tr><td>Rajasthan</td><td>8.5</td><td>18.12</td><td>22.57</td><td>30.11</td><td>38.55</td><td>60.41</td><td>66.11</td></tr><tr><td>Sikkim</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>17.74</td><td>34.05</td><td>56.94</td><td>68.81</td><td>81.42</td></tr><tr><td>Tamil Nadu</td><td>-</td><td>36.39</td><td>45.40</td><td>54.39</td><td>62.66</td><td>73.45</td><td>80.33</td></tr><tr><td>Tripura</td><td>-</td><td>20.24</td><td>30.98</td><td>50.10</td><td>60.44</td><td>73.19</td><td>87.22</td></tr><tr><td>Uttar Pradesh</td><td>12.02</td><td>20.87</td><td>23.99</td><td>32.65</td><td>40.71</td><td>56.27</td><td>67.68</td></tr><tr><td>Uttarakhand</td><td>18.93</td><td>18.05</td><td>33.26</td><td>46.06</td><td>57.75</td><td>71.62</td><td>78.82</td></tr><tr><td>West Bengal</td><td>24.61</td><td>34.46</td><td>38.86</td><td>48.65</td><td>57.70</td><td>68.64</td><td>76.26</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td>18.33</td><td>28.30</td><td>34.45</td><td>43.57</td><td>52.21</td><td>64.84</td><td>74.04</td></tr></tbody></table>

Literacy by social group

By caste

<table><thead><tr><th>Social Group</th><th>Rural</th><th>Urban</th><th>Total</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Male</td><td>Female</td><td>Male</td><td>Female</td><td>Male</td><td>Female</td></tr><tr><td>Scheduled Tribe</td><td>75.6</td><td>58.8</td><td>91.3</td><td>79.6</td><td>77.5</td><td>61.3</td></tr><tr><td>Scheduled Caste</td><td>78.0</td><td>60.9</td><td>88.4</td><td>75.3</td><td>80.3</td><td>63.9</td></tr><tr><td>Other Backward Class</td><td>81.7</td><td>64.2</td><td>91.1</td><td>80.5</td><td>84.4</td><td>68.9</td></tr><tr><td>Others</td><td>87.6</td><td>74.5</td><td>95.0</td><td>88.6</td><td>90.8</td><td>80.6</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td>81.5</td><td>65.0</td><td>92.2</td><td>82.8</td><td>84.7</td><td>70.3</td></tr></tbody></table>

By religion

<table><thead><tr><th>Religion</th><th>NSO 2018</th><th>PLFS 2024</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Rural</td><td>Urban</td><td>Total</td><td>Rural</td><td>Urban</td><td>Total</td></tr><tr><td>Male</td><td>Female</td><td>Male</td><td>Female</td><td>Male</td><td>Female</td><td>Total</td><td>Male</td><td>Female</td><td>Total</td><td>Male</td><td>Female</td><td>Total</td><td>Male</td><td>Female</td></tr><tr><td>Hindu</td><td>81.8</td><td>64.5</td><td>93.4</td><td>83.8</td><td>85.1</td><td>70.0</td><td>77.3</td><td>84.7</td><td>69.8</td><td>89.7</td><td>93.7</td><td>85.4</td><td>80.8</td><td>87.3</td><td>74.2</td></tr><tr><td>Muslim</td><td>77.4</td><td>64.8</td><td>85.8</td><td>75.6</td><td>80.6</td><td>68.8</td><td>77.1</td><td>83.5</td><td>70.9</td><td>83.7</td><td>87.6</td><td>79.6</td><td>79.5</td><td>85.0</td><td>74.0</td></tr><tr><td>Christian</td><td>84.4</td><td>77.0</td><td>95.5</td><td>91.4</td><td>88.2</td><td>82.2</td><td>85.8</td><td>88.0</td><td>83.6</td><td>94.5</td><td>95.9</td><td>93.2</td><td>88.9</td><td>90.8</td><td>87.1</td></tr><tr><td>Sikh</td><td>92.7</td><td>96.4</td><td>94.2</td><td>95.3</td><td>88.9</td><td>90.1</td><td>80.9</td><td>84.3</td><td>77.3</td><td>90.9</td><td>94.7</td><td>87.1</td><td>83.4</td><td>86.9</td><td>79.8</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td>81.5</td><td>65.0</td><td>92.2</td><td>82.8</td><td>84.7</td><td>70.3</td><td>77.5</td><td>84.7</td><td>70.4</td><td>88.9</td><td>92.9</td><td>84.9</td><td>80.9</td><td>87.2</td><td>74.6</td></tr></tbody></table>