International Phonetic Alphabet chart

The following is a chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.

Source: Wikipedia

Article

International Phonetic Alphabet chart

Official chart

International Phonetic Alphabet chart

The official IPA chart, revised to 2020

Vowels

International Phonetic Alphabet chart

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>Front</th><th>Central</th><th>Back</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Close</td><td>i y</td><td>ɨ ʉ</td><td>ɯ u</td></tr><tr><td>Near-close</td><td>ɪ ʏ</td><td></td><td>ʊ</td></tr><tr><td>Close-mid</td><td>e ø</td><td>ɘ ɵ</td><td>ɤ o</td></tr><tr><td>Mid</td><td>e̞ ø̞</td><td>ə</td><td>ɤ̞ o̞</td></tr><tr><td>Open-mid</td><td>ɛ œ</td><td>ɜ ɞ</td><td>ʌ ɔ</td></tr><tr><td>Near-open</td><td>æ</td><td>ɐ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Open</td><td>a ɶ</td><td>ä</td><td>ɑ ɒ</td></tr><tr><td>Legend: unrounded • rounded</td></tr></tbody></table>

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

<table><thead><tr><th>Place →</th><th>Labial</th><th>Coronal</th><th>Dorsal</th><th>Laryngeal</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Manner ↓</td><td>Bilabial</td><td>Labiodental</td><td>Linguolabial</td><td>Dental</td><td>Alveolar</td><td>Postalveolar</td><td>Retroflex</td><td>(Alveolo-)palatal</td><td>Velar</td><td>Uvular</td><td>Pharyngeal/epiglottal</td><td>Glottal</td></tr><tr><td>Nasal</td><td>m̥</td><td>m</td><td>ɱ̊</td><td>ɱ</td><td></td><td>n̼</td><td>n̪̊</td><td>n̪</td><td>n̥</td><td>n</td><td>n̠̊</td><td>n̠</td><td>ɳ̊</td><td>ɳ</td><td>ɲ̊</td><td>ɲ</td><td>ŋ̊</td><td>ŋ</td><td>ɴ̥</td><td>ɴ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Plosive</td><td>p</td><td>b</td><td>p̪</td><td>b̪</td><td>t̼</td><td>d̼</td><td>t̪</td><td>d̪</td><td>t</td><td>d</td><td></td><td></td><td>ʈ</td><td>ɖ</td><td>c</td><td>ɟ</td><td>k</td><td>ɡ</td><td>q</td><td>ɢ</td><td>ʡ</td><td></td><td>ʔ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sibilant affricate</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>t̪s̪</td><td>d̪z̪</td><td>ts</td><td>dz</td><td>t̠ʃ</td><td>d̠ʒ</td><td>tʂ</td><td>dʐ</td><td>tɕ</td><td>dʑ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Non-sibilant affricate</td><td>pɸ</td><td>bβ</td><td>p̪f</td><td>b̪v</td><td></td><td></td><td>t̪θ</td><td>d̪ð</td><td>tɹ̝̊</td><td>dɹ̝</td><td>t̠ɹ̠̊˔</td><td>d̠ɹ̠˔</td><td></td><td></td><td>cç</td><td>ɟʝ</td><td>kx</td><td>ɡɣ</td><td>qχ</td><td>ɢʁ</td><td>ʡʜ</td><td>ʡʢ</td><td>ʔh</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sibilant fricative</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>s̪</td><td>z̪</td><td>s</td><td>z</td><td>ʃ</td><td>ʒ</td><td>ʂ</td><td>ʐ</td><td>ɕ</td><td>ʑ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Non-sibilant fricative</td><td>ɸ</td><td>β</td><td>f</td><td>v</td><td>θ̼</td><td>ð̼</td><td>θ</td><td>ð</td><td>θ̠</td><td>ð̠</td><td>ɹ̠̊˔</td><td>ɹ̠˔</td><td>ɻ̊˔</td><td>ɻ˔</td><td>ç</td><td>ʝ</td><td>x</td><td>ɣ</td><td>χ</td><td>ʁ</td><td>ħ</td><td>ʕ</td><td>h</td><td>ɦ</td></tr><tr><td>Approximant</td><td></td><td>β̞</td><td></td><td>ʋ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ð̞</td><td></td><td>ɹ</td><td></td><td>ɹ̠</td><td></td><td>ɻ</td><td></td><td>j</td><td></td><td>ɰ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>˷</td></tr><tr><td>Tap/flap</td><td></td><td>ⱱ̟</td><td></td><td>ⱱ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ɾ̥</td><td>ɾ</td><td></td><td></td><td>ɽ̊</td><td>ɽ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ɢ̆</td><td></td><td>ʡ̮</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trill</td><td>ʙ̥</td><td>ʙ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>r̥</td><td>r</td><td></td><td>r̠</td><td>ɽ̊r̥</td><td>ɽr</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ʀ̥</td><td>ʀ</td><td>ʜ</td><td>ʢ</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lateral affricate</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>tɬ</td><td>dɮ</td><td></td><td></td><td>tꞎ</td><td>d𝼅</td><td>c𝼆</td><td>ɟʎ̝</td><td>k𝼄</td><td>ɡʟ̝</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lateral fricative</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ɬ̪</td><td></td><td>ɬ</td><td>ɮ</td><td></td><td></td><td>ꞎ</td><td>𝼅</td><td>𝼆</td><td>ʎ̝</td><td>𝼄</td><td>ʟ̝</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lateral approximant</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>l̪</td><td>l̥</td><td>l</td><td></td><td>l̠</td><td>ɭ̊</td><td>ɭ</td><td>ʎ̥</td><td>ʎ</td><td>ʟ̥</td><td>ʟ</td><td></td><td>ʟ̠</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lateral tap/flap</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ɺ̥</td><td>ɺ</td><td></td><td></td><td>𝼈̊</td><td>𝼈</td><td></td><td>ʎ̮</td><td></td><td>ʟ̆</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.</td></tr></tbody></table>

Non-pulmonic consonants

<table><thead><tr><th></th><th>BL</th><th>LD</th><th>D</th><th>A</th><th>PA</th><th>RF</th><th>P</th><th>V</th><th>U</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Implosive</td><td>Voiced</td><td>ɓ</td><td></td><td></td><td>ɗ</td><td></td><td>ᶑ</td><td>ʄ</td><td>ɠ</td><td>ʛ</td></tr><tr><td>Voiceless</td><td>ɓ̥</td><td></td><td></td><td>ɗ̥</td><td></td><td>ᶑ̊</td><td>ʄ̊</td><td>ɠ̊</td><td>ʛ̥</td></tr><tr><td>Ejective</td><td>Stop</td><td>pʼ</td><td></td><td></td><td>tʼ</td><td></td><td>ʈʼ</td><td>cʼ</td><td>kʼ</td><td>qʼ</td></tr><tr><td>Affricate</td><td></td><td>p̪fʼ</td><td>t̪θʼ</td><td>tsʼ</td><td>t̠ʃʼ</td><td>tʂʼ</td><td>tɕʼ</td><td>kxʼ</td><td>qχʼ</td></tr><tr><td>Fricative</td><td>ɸʼ</td><td>fʼ</td><td>θʼ</td><td>sʼ</td><td>ʃʼ</td><td>ʂʼ</td><td>ɕʼ</td><td>xʼ</td><td>χʼ</td></tr><tr><td>Lateral affricate</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>tɬʼ</td><td></td><td></td><td>c𝼆ʼ</td><td>k𝼄ʼ</td><td>q𝼄ʼ</td></tr><tr><td>Lateral fricative</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ɬʼ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular)</td><td>Tenuis</td><td>kʘ qʘ</td><td></td><td>kǀ qǀ</td><td>kǃ qǃ</td><td></td><td>k𝼊 q𝼊</td><td>kǂ qǂ</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Voiced</td><td>ɡʘ ɢʘ</td><td></td><td>ɡǀ ɢǀ</td><td>ɡǃ ɢǃ</td><td></td><td>ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊</td><td>ɡǂ ɢǂ</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nasal</td><td>ŋʘ ɴʘ</td><td></td><td>ŋǀ ɴǀ</td><td>ŋǃ ɴǃ</td><td></td><td>ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊</td><td>ŋǂ ɴǂ</td><td>ʞ </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tenuis lateral</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>kǁ qǁ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Voiced lateral</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ɡǁ ɢǁ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nasal lateral</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ŋǁ ɴǁ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.</td></tr></tbody></table>

Other consonants

• Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop [t̪ʙ̥] • Voiceless dentolabial fricative [f͆] • Voiceless bidental fricative [h̪͆] • Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive [ꞯ] • Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive [𝼂] • Sublaminal lower-alveolar percussive [¡]

Auxiliary symbols

International Phonetic Alphabet chart

<table><thead><tr><th>◌̥</th><th>◌̊</th><th>Voiceless</th><th>◌̤</th><th>Breathy voiced</th><th>◌̪</th><th>◌͆</th><th>Dental</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>◌̬</td><td>Voiced</td><td>◌̰</td><td>Creaky voiced</td><td>◌̺</td><td>Apical</td></tr><tr><td>◌ʰ</td><td>Aspirated</td><td>◌̼</td><td>Linguolabial</td><td>◌̻</td><td>Laminal</td></tr><tr><td>◌̹</td><td>◌͗</td><td>◌˒</td><td>More rounded</td><td>◌ʷ</td><td>Labialized</td><td>◌̃</td><td>Nasalized</td></tr><tr><td>◌̜</td><td>◌͑</td><td>◌˓</td><td>Less rounded</td><td>◌ʲ</td><td>Palatalized</td><td>◌ⁿ</td><td>Nasal release</td></tr><tr><td>◌̟</td><td>◌˖</td><td>Advanced</td><td>◌ˠ</td><td>Velarized</td><td>◌ˡ</td><td>Lateral release</td></tr><tr><td>◌̠</td><td>◌˗</td><td>Retracted</td><td>◌ˤ</td><td>Pharyngealized</td><td>◌̚</td><td>No audible release</td></tr><tr><td>◌̈</td><td>Centralized</td><td>◌̴</td><td>Velarized or pharyngealized</td><td>◌ᵊ</td><td>Mid central vowel release</td></tr><tr><td>◌̽</td><td>Mid-centralized</td><td>◌̝</td><td>◌˔</td><td>Raised</td><td>◌ᶿ</td><td>Voiceless dental fricative release</td></tr><tr><td>◌̩</td><td>◌̍</td><td>Syllabic</td><td>◌̞</td><td>◌˕</td><td>Lowered</td><td>◌ˣ</td><td>Voiceless velar fricative release</td></tr><tr><td>◌̯</td><td>◌̑</td><td>Non-syllabic</td><td>◌̘</td><td>◌꭪</td><td>Advanced tongue root</td><td>◌ʼ</td><td>Ejective</td></tr><tr><td>◌˞</td><td>Rhoticity</td><td>◌̙</td><td>◌꭫</td><td>Retracted tongue root</td><td>◌͡◌ ◌͜◌</td><td>Affricate or double articulation</td></tr></tbody></table>