Felinae

The Felinae or small cats are a subfamily of the Felidae distinguished by a bony hyoid, because of which they can purr but not roar. Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily, as comprising only the living conical-toothed cat genera, with two tribes, the Felini and Pantherini, and excluding the extinct sabre-toothed Machairodontinae.

Source: Wikipedia

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Felinae

Characteristics

Felinae

The members of the Felinae have retractile claws that are protected by at least one cutaneous lobe. Their larynx is kept close to the base of the skull by an ossified hyoid. They can purr owing to the vocal folds being shorter than 6 mm (0.24 in). The cheetah Acinonyx does not have cutaneous sheaths for guarding claws.

Taxonomy

Felinae

The term 'Felini' was first used in 1817 by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim, at the time for all the cat species that had been proposed as belonging to the genus Felis. In 1917, Reginald Innes Pocock also subordinated the following genera to the Felinae that had been proposed in the course of the 19th century: Lynx, Puma, Leptailurus, Prionailurus, Pardofelis, Leopardus, Herpailurus, Neofelis and four more.

The Felinae and Pantherinae probably diverged about 11.5 million years ago. The genera within the Felinae diverged between 10.67 and 4.23 million years ago.

Today, the following living genera and species are recognised as belonging to the Felinae:

<table><thead><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Image of type species</th><th>Range</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Acinonyx Brookes, 1828</td><td></td><td></td><td>Africa and Southwestern Asia</td></tr><tr><td>Caracal Gray, 1843</td><td></td><td></td><td>Africa and Southwestern Asia</td></tr><tr><td>Catopuma Severtzov, 1858</td><td></td><td></td><td>Southeastern Asia</td></tr><tr><td>Felis Linnaeus, 1758</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858</td><td></td><td></td><td>Central and Southern America</td></tr><tr><td>Leopardus Gray, 1842</td><td></td><td></td><td>Central and Southern America</td></tr><tr><td>Leptailurus Severtzov, 1858</td><td></td><td></td><td>Africa</td></tr><tr><td>Lynx Kerr, 1792</td><td></td><td></td><td>Northern Hemisphere</td></tr><tr><td>Otocolobus Brandt, 1842</td><td></td><td></td><td>Central Asia</td></tr><tr><td>Pardofelis Severtzov, 1858</td><td></td><td></td><td>Southeastern Asia</td></tr><tr><td>Prionailurus Severtzov, 1858</td><td></td><td></td><td>Southeastern and Eastern Asia</td></tr><tr><td>Puma Jardine 1834</td><td></td><td></td><td>Americas</td></tr></tbody></table>

Extinct taxa

<table><thead><tr><th>Genus</th><th>Species</th><th>Image</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Felis</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acinonyx</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lynx</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Puma</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leopardus</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leptofelis Salesa et al., 2017</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Miracinonyx Adams, 1979</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pratifelis Hibbard, 1934</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pristifelis Salesa et al., 2012</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sivapanthera Kretzoi, 1929</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sivapardus Bikr, 1969</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vishnufelis Pilgrim, 1932</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of Felinae are shown in the following cladogram (note that this includes the sensu lato definition, which encompasses Panthera and its relatives, but not the extinct machairodontines and others):