Borders of India

The Republic of India shares borders with several sovereign countries; it shares land borders with China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Pakistan share both land borders as well as maritime borders, while Sri Lanka shares only a maritime border through Ram Setu. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar and Indonesia.

Source: Wikipedia

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Borders of India

India and its borders.

Borders

Barriers

India has constructed fences along the following borders:

• India-Bangladesh border barrier • India–Myanmar border barrier • India-Pakistan border barrier

Borders

India shares land borders with six sovereign nations. The state's Ministry of Home Affairs also recognizes a 106 kilometres (66 mi) land border with a seventh nation, Afghanistan, as part of its claim on the Kashmir region; however, this is disputed and the region bordering Afghanistan has been administered by Pakistan as part of Gilgit-Baltistan since 1947 (see Durand Line).

<table><thead><tr><th>Land Border Country</th><th>Dispute</th><th>Length (Km) and (mi)</th><th>Force</th><th>Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Bangladesh</td><td>N</td><td>4,096 kilometres (2,545 mi)</td><td>Border Security Force</td><td>Most of the India–Bangladesh enclaves exchanged in 2015. See Bangladesh Liberation War and Bangladesh–India relations.</td></tr><tr><td>Bhutan</td><td>N</td><td>578 kilometres (359 mi)</td><td>Sashastra Seema Bal</td><td>Open border. See Bhutan–India relations.</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td>Y</td><td>3,488 kilometres (2,167 mi)</td><td>Indo-Tibetan Border Police and Special Frontier Force</td><td>Also see Ardagh–Johnson Line, Macartney–MacDonald Line, McMahon Line, Sino-Indian border dispute and China–India relations.</td></tr><tr><td>Myanmar</td><td>N</td><td>1,643 kilometres (1,021 mi)</td><td>Assam Rifles and Indian Army</td><td>See India-Myanmar relations.</td></tr><tr><td>Nepal</td><td>Y</td><td>1,752 kilometres (1,089 mi)</td><td>Sashastra Seema Bal</td><td>Open border. See Kalapani territory, Susta territory and India-Nepal relations.</td></tr><tr><td>Pakistan</td><td>Y</td><td>3,320 kilometres (2,060 mi)</td><td>Border Security Force</td><td>Also see Radcliffe Line, Line of Control, Actual Ground Position Line and Sir Creek. See Partition of India, Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts, Transport between India and Pakistan and India-Pakistan relations.</td></tr><tr><td>Afghanistan</td><td>Y</td><td>106 kilometres (66 mi)</td><td>Border Security Force</td><td>Part I of the Constitution of India defines India as having a land border with 7 countries, including with Afghanistan. India claims a border between the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan and Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan-administered Kashmir as part of their claim to sovereignty of the whole Kashmir region. See Afghanistan–Pakistan border dispute, India-Afghanistan land border and Durand Line.</td></tr></tbody></table>

Border ceremonies

India co-hosts the joint ceremonies with the neighbouring nations at the following border crossings. The most attended and emotionally charged among these is the one at Wagha-Attari Border near Amritsar-Lahore.

<table><thead><tr><th>Border</th><th>Ceremony Locations</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>India-Pakistan border</td><td>Attari–Wagah border ceremony near Amritsar in Punjab.</td><td>Most attended and emotionally charged ceremony</td></tr><tr><td>Ganda Singh Wala–Hussainiwala border ceremony near Firozepur in Punjab.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sadqi-Sulemanki border ceremony near Fazilka in Punjab.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Khokhrapar–Munabao border ceremony in Barmer district of Rajasthan.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>India-China border</td><td>Daulat Beg Oldi</td><td>Border Personnel Meeting Point (BPM Point)</td></tr><tr><td>Spanggur Gap (Chushul)</td><td>Border Personnel Meeting point</td></tr><tr><td>Nathu La</td><td>Used for pilgrims to monasteries in Sikkim; reduces journey time to Lake Manasarovar</td></tr><tr><td>Bum La Pass (Tawang)</td><td>Open on Sundays and during cultural ceremonies</td></tr><tr><td>Kaho, India (north of Kibithu in Walong sector)</td><td>Border Personnel Meeting point</td></tr><tr><td>India-Bangladesh border</td><td>Benapole–Petrapole border ceremony</td><td>Daily joint ceremony by Border Security Force and Border Guards Bangladesh</td></tr></tbody></table>

Maritime borders and EEZs

EEZs in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans

Maritime borders of India are the maritime boundary recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entails boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. India, with its claim of a 12-nautical-mile (22 km; 14 mi) territorial maritime zone and 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive economic zone, has a more than 7,000-kilometre (4,300 mi) maritime border shared with seven nations.

<table><thead><tr><th>Maritime Border Country</th><th>Length (km) and (mi)</th><th>Force</th><th>Comments</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Bangladesh</td><td></td><td>Indian Navy</td><td>New Moore Island in Bay of Bengal</td></tr><tr><td>Indonesia</td><td>555 kilometres (345 mi)</td><td>Indian Navy</td><td>Indira Point in Andaman Sea</td></tr><tr><td>Myanmar</td><td></td><td>Indian Navy</td><td>Landfall Island in Andaman Sea</td></tr><tr><td>Pakistan</td><td></td><td>Indian Navy</td><td>Sir Creek in Arabian Sea</td></tr><tr><td>Thailand</td><td></td><td>Indian Navy</td><td>Similan Islands in Andaman Sea</td></tr><tr><td>Sri Lanka</td><td>>400 kilometres (250 mi)</td><td>Indian Navy</td><td>Katchatheevu in Palk Strait</td></tr><tr><td>Maldives</td><td>1,009 kilometres (627 mi)</td><td>Indian Navy</td><td>Maliku Kandu in Laccadive Sea</td></tr></tbody></table>

Designated border crossings

Integrated Check Posts (ICP)

India has 7 functional ICPs, and plans are underway to upgrade 13 more LCS to ICP, including 7 at borders taking total of border ICP to 14, at the cost of ₹3,005 crore (US$360 million)(56 Australian Dollars as of May 2025)(c. June 2024 ). Designated Integrated Check Posts (ICP), with both customs and immigration facilities are:

<table><thead><tr><th>Border</th><th>State</th><th>Check Post</th><th>Status</th><th>Notes</th><th>References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>India–Bangladesh</td><td>Assam</td><td>Sutarkandi</td><td>Planned</td><td>Connects to Golapganj uppozilla in Sylhet District</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Meghalaya</td><td>Dawki ICP</td><td>Operational since 2018</td><td>Connects to Tambil post (Bangladesh)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mizoram</td><td>Kawrpuichhuah (near Tlabung)</td><td>Operational since Oct 2017</td><td>On Khawthalangtuipui river (Karnaphuli)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tripura</td><td>Agartala–Akhaura</td><td>Operational (c. 2017)</td><td>Connects to Dhaka</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Belonia–Parshuram</td><td></td><td>Road and rail crossing</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>West Bengal</td><td>Petrapole</td><td>Operational (c. 2017)</td><td>Connects Kolkata to Dhaka</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ghojadanga</td><td>Planned</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mahadipur</td><td>In-principle approval (2019)</td><td>Connects to Rajshahi</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fulbari</td><td>Planned</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hili</td><td>Planned</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>India–Bhutan</td><td>West Bengal</td><td>Jaigaon</td><td>Plan approved (c. 2016)</td><td>In Alipurduar district</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>India–Myanmar</td><td>Manipur</td><td>Moreh ICP</td><td>Operational</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mizoram</td><td>Zochawchhuah–Zorinpui</td><td>Operational since Oct 2017</td><td>On Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>India–Nepal</td><td>Uttarakhand</td><td>Banbasa</td><td>In-principle approval (2019)</td><td>In Champawat district</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bihar</td><td>Bhitthamore</td><td>In-principle approval (2019)</td><td>In Sitamarhi district</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bihar</td><td>Jogbani</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>West Bengal</td><td>Panitanki</td><td>In-principle approval (2019)</td><td>In Darjeeling district</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bihar</td><td>ICP Raxaul</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Uttar Pradesh</td><td>Sonauli</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Uttar Pradesh</td><td>Rupaidiha</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Uttar Pradesh</td><td>Taulihawa-Siddharthnagar</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>India–Pakistan</td><td>Punjab</td><td>Attari</td><td>Operational (2017)</td><td>At Wagah (see Samjhauta Express)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Punjab</td><td>Kartarpur Corridor</td><td></td><td>Visa-free access to Gurdwara Darbar Sahib</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rajasthan</td><td>Munabao</td><td></td><td>(see Thar Express)</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Land Customs Stations (LCS)

<table><thead><tr><th>Border</th><th>State</th><th>Land Customs Station</th><th>Connecting To (Bangladesh)</th><th>Status</th><th>Notes</th><th>References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>India–Bangladesh</td><td>Assam</td><td>Mankachar</td><td>Rowmari post (Natun Bandar, Rangpur division)</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Karimganj Steamer and Ferry Station (KSFS)</td><td>Zakiganj post (Sylhet division)</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Guwahati Steamer Ghat (Dhubri district)</td><td></td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dhubri Steamer Ghat</td><td>Rowmati (Maymansingh division)</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mahisasan railway station</td><td>Shahbazpur (Sylhet division)</td><td>Non-functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Golokganj</td><td>Sonahaat (Rangpur Division)</td><td>Non-functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silchar Railway Mail Service</td><td></td><td>Non-functional</td><td>Inland LCS (no border crossing)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>India–Bangladesh</td><td>Meghalaya</td><td>Baghmara (South Garo Hills)</td><td>Bijoyour post</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bholaganj</td><td>Chatak (Sunamganj division)</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Borsara (West Khasi Hills)</td><td>Borsara post</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mahendraganj</td><td>Bakshiganj</td><td>Functional</td><td>On NH12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dalu</td><td>Nakugaon post</td><td>Functional</td><td>On NH217</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Shellabazar</td><td>Sunamganj (Sylhet division)</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gasuapara</td><td>Karoitol (Mymansing division)</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ryngku (East Khasi Hills)</td><td>Kalibari (Sonamganj division)</td><td>Non-functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Balat (East Khasi Hills)</td><td>Dolura (Sylhet division)</td><td>Non-functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>India–Bangladesh</td><td>Tripura</td><td>Srimantapur</td><td>Bibir Bazar (Comilla division)</td><td>Operational</td><td>Became operational January 2016</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dhalaighat</td><td>Kumarghat (Sunamganj division)</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Khowaighat</td><td>Balla (Habiganj division)</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Manu</td><td>Chatlapur (Sylhet division)</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Muhurighat</td><td>Belonia (Feni division)</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Old Ragnabazar</td><td>Betul (Fultali) (Sylhet division)</td><td>Functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>India–Bangladesh</td><td>Mizoram</td><td>Kawarpuchiah</td><td></td><td>Operational</td><td>Opened October 2017 by PM Modi</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Demagiri</td><td>Rangamati (Sylhet division)</td><td>Non-functional</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>India–Pakistan</td><td>Rajasthan</td><td>Longewala</td><td></td><td></td><td>In Jaisalmer district</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Border markets

Borders of India

This is incomplete list of designated border markets, also called bazaars and haats, established by the efforts of Ministry of External Affairs.

India–Bangladesh

<table><thead><tr><th>State</th><th>District</th><th>Location</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Meghalaya</td><td>East Khasi Hills district</td><td>Balat</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bholaganj</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>South West Garo Hills district</td><td>Kalaichar</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ryngku</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>West Garo Hills district</td><td>Nalikata</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Shibbari</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mizoram</td><td>Mamit district</td><td>Mapara - Longkor</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tuipuibari - Not provided</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lunglei district</td><td>Silsury - Mahmuam</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nunsuri - Not provided</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tripura</td><td>West Tripura district</td><td>Kamalasagar</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Boxanagar</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bamutia</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>South Tripura district</td><td>Srinagar, Tripura</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ekimpur</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>North Tripura district</td><td>Pal Basti (Raghna)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hiracherra (Kailasahar)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Kamalpur, Tripura (Dhalai)</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

India–Bhutan

India-Bhutan Border Haat on India-Bhutan border are in operation, such as the Gelephu-Hatisar border market road entry point, Phuntsholing to its west and Samdrup Jongkhar to its east are two other border market road entry points into Bhutan.

India–Myanmar

India–Myanmar border Haats are.

<table><thead><tr><th>State</th><th>District</th><th>Indian Location</th><th>Myanmar Location</th><th>Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Arunachal Pradesh</td><td>Changlang district</td><td>Pangsau Pass (Nampong)</td><td>Pangsau, Kachin State</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chingsa (Khimiyang Circle)</td><td>Langhong, Kachin State</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Makantong (Khimiyang Circle)</td><td>Ngaimong, Kachin State</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tirap district</td><td>Wakka/Pongchao/Lazu</td><td>Tirap, Kachin State</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Manipur</td><td>Ukhrul district</td><td>Kongkan Thana</td><td>Aungci (suggested by State Government)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chandel district</td><td>New Somtal</td><td>Thenjen, or Khampat</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Churachandpur district</td><td>Behiang</td><td>Khenman, or Chikha</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mizoram</td><td>Lawngtlai district</td><td>Hruitezawl</td><td>Varang</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Champhai district</td><td>Hnahlan</td><td>Darkhai</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vaphai</td><td>Leilet</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Siaha district</td><td>Chakhang</td><td>Nviaphia</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nagaland</td><td>Tuensang district</td><td>Avakhung</td><td>Layshi (32 km apart)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pangsha</td><td>Lahe/Hkamti District HQ (60 km apart)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mon district</td><td>Chemoho/Longwa</td><td>Lahe (60 km apart)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phek district</td><td>Molhe</td><td>Pansat (10 km apart)</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

In popular media

Borders of India

Pradeep Damodaran's book Borderlands: Travels Across India's Boundaries chronicles all land borders of India. The Bollywood director J. P. Dutta has specialised in making Hindi movies with India's border as a key element of the theme, his movies are Border, Refugee, LOC: Kargil, Paltan, etc.

Gallery

Borders of India

• Bhutan Gate between Jaigaon and Phuntsholing. • India-Myanmar Rikhawdar-Zokhawthar border crossing across the Tyao River. • India-Pakistan Border ceremony at Attari–Wagah border. • India-Tibet Nathu La border in Sikkim. • Indian and Bangladeshi soldiers at Benapole–Petrapole border ceremony. • India-Nepal border - signage board at Bhitthamore gateway.