Automobile manufacturers and brands of China

Automobile manufacturers and brands of China

There are currently about 150 active brands in the Chinese automobile market. Among them are 97 Chinese domestic brands and 43 joint venture (JV) brands. Before 2010, the traditional "Big Four" refers to the four major state-owned car manufacturers, SAIC, FAW, Dongfeng and Changan. Other Chinese car manufacturers, both from public and private sectors, like Geely, BAIC, BYD, Chery, GAC, Great Wall, JAC and Seres, emerged as the major players with the expansion of the Chinese automotive industry.

The article is an introduction to major automobile manufacturers and brands of China; for the full list see List of automobile manufacturers of China.

Major manufacturers and brands

Automobile manufacturers and brands of China

Chinese major automobile manufacturers headquarter locations

Central state-owned manufacturers

Central state-owned manufacturer refers to manufacturers directly owned by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC) of the People's Republic of China. Currently, FAW, Dongfeng and Changan are owned and controlled by the Central Government. According to the civil service ranks of China, The central government controlled state-owned enterprises are ranked as Sub-Ministerial-Level Enterprise.

• FAW (China First Automobile Works Group Corporation, Chinese: 中国第一汽车集团有限公司) is a central state-owned automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Changchun which is directly under the control of the central government of China. Founded on 15 July 1953, it is the oldest car manufacturer of the People's Republic of China. Currently FAW sells products under their brands including Hongqi, Jiefang, and Bestune. FAW also operates joint ventures with Toyota, Volkswagen and Audi. • Dongfeng (Dongfeng Motor Corporation, Chinese: 东风汽车集团有限公司) is a central state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Wuhan, Hubei, which is directly under the control of the central government of China. Originally known as Second Automobile Works when it was founded in 1969, FAW and SAW were the two major manufacturers before the reform and opening up of China. It currently owns Voyah, M-Hero, Aeolus, Forthing, Dongfeng Nammi and operates joint ventures including Cummins, Honda, Nissan, Infiniti, and Stellantis (PSA Peugeot Citroën). • Changan (China Changan Automobile Group, Chinese: 中国长安汽车集团有限公司) is an central state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Chongqing. It is the oldest automobile manufacturer in China, and can be traced back to 1862 during the Qing Dynasty. Changan designs, develops, manufactures and sells passenger cars sold under the Changan Auto, Deepal, Avatr and Kaicene brands. Changan operates joint venture companies Ford and Mazda.

Local state-owned manufacturers

Local state-owned manufacturers refers to manufacturers owned by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of local governments (instead of the State Council). Most local government-controlled manufacturers are ranked as Bureau-Director Level Enterprise or even lower level.

• SAIC (Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation, Chinese: 上海汽车集团股份有限公司) is a Chinese state-owned automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Shanghai. It is controlled by the municipal government of Shanghai. SAIC sells vehicles under a variety of brands including IM, Rising Auto, Maxus, MG, Roewe, Wuling, Baojun, and Yuejin. Joint venture brands include Buick, Chevrolet, Iveco, Volkswagen, and Audi. • GAC (Guangzhou Automobile Corporation, Chinese: 广州汽车集团股份有限公司), is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Guangzhou and controlled by the municipal government of Guangzhou. GAC sells passenger cars under the Trumpchi, Aion, and Hyptec brands and operates foreign joint ventures with Honda and Toyota. • BAIC (Beijing Automotive Group Co., Ltd. , Chinese: 北京汽车集团有限公司), is a state-owned enterprise located in Beijing and controlled by the municipal government of Beijing. Its owns the brands of Arcfox, Beijing, Beijing Off-road, and Foton. It has foreign joint ventures with Hyundai and Mercedes-Benz. • JAC (Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corporation, Chinese: 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司) is a state-owned enterprise based in Hefei, Anhui Province, and controlled by the Provincial Government of Anhui. It owns the brands of JAC Motors, JAC Yiwei, JAC Refine, and collaborates with Huawei under the Maextro brand.

State-private mixed ownership manufacturer

• Chery (Chery Automobile, Chinese: 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司), previous state-owned automobile manufacturer based in Anhui and controlled by the municipal government of Wuhu. It was restructured into a state-private mixed ownership manufacturer in 2025. It sells cars under the Chery, Exeed, Jetour and iCar brands. It also has a foreign joint venture with Jaguar Land Rover for the production of Jaguar and Land Rover cars in China. • Seres (Seres Group, Chinese: 赛力斯集团股份有限公司), is one of the first state-private mixed ownership manufacturer in China. Headquartered in Chongqing, it is currently co-owned by the founder's family, the state-owned company Dongfeng and municipal government of Chongqing. It used to be famous for producing light commercial vehicles and budget passenger vehicles but is transforming to produce premium electric vehicle since 2021 after partnering with Chinese tech giant Huawei. It owns the brands of Seres, AITO, Fengon, and DFSK.

Notable privately owned manufacturers

• BYD (BYD Auto, Chinese: 比亚迪汽车有限公司), is an automobile manufacturer based in Shenzhen, founded by BYD Company which are known for their batteries. It is currently the largest electric vehicle manufacturer of the world. It operates brands such as BYD, Denza, Fangchengbao, Yangwang, and Linghui. • Geely (Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, Chinese: 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司), is one of the biggest privately owned automobile manufacturers and is headquartered in Taizhou, Zhejiang. Currently one of the fastest growing automotive groups in the world, Geely is known for its ownership of the Swedish luxury car brand Volvo Cars, its performance counterpart Polestar, and the British sports car company Lotus. It also owns the brands of Geely, Livan, Lynk & Co, Zeekr, Volvo Cars, LEVC, Farizon, Ji Yue, Proton and Smart. • GWM (Great Wall Motor, Chinese: 长城汽车股份有限公司), is a private company famous for manufacturing SUVs headquartered in Baoding, Hebei. GWM sells vehicles under the brands of Haval, Wey, Tank and Ora. It operates a joint venture called Spotlight Automotive with BMW Group to produce Mini brand electric cars. • Leapmotor (Zhejiang Leapmotor Technology, Chinese: 浙江零跑科技股份有限公司) is an EV manufacturer founded in 2015, headquartered in Hangzhou. Stellantis acquired a 20% stake in Leapmotor in 2023. • Li Auto (Beijing Car And Home Information Technology, Chinese: 北京车和家信息技术有限公司) is a startup manufacturer founded in 2015. It specializes in developing and manufacturing premium range-extender electric vehicles and has rapidly grown into a major player in the Chinese automobile market. • Xpeng (Guangzhou Xiaopeng Motors Technology, Chinese: 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司) is an EV startup manufacturer founded in 2014 and headquartered in Guangzhou. Together with Nio and Li Auto, it is one of the first EV companies in China. Volkswagen Group acquired a 5% stake in Xpeng in 2023. • Xiaomi Auto (Xiaomi Automobile Co., Ltd, Chinese: 小米汽车有限公司) is the subsidiary of Chinese consumer electronics giant Xiaomi that produces EVs. It was founded in 2021 in Beijing and launched its first product, the Xiaomi SU7, in 2024. Xiaomi is currently the only Chinese tech company that is directly involved in automotive manufacturing. • Nio (Shanghai Nio Automobile, Chinese: 上海蔚来汽车有限公司) is an EV startup manufacturer founded in 2014 and headquartered in Shanghai. The company is noted for its battery-swapping stations and premium EV. The company launched an entry-level brand, Onvo, and the high-end brand Firefly in 2024.

Year	Central state-owned	Local state-owned	State-private mixed owned		HIMA
FAW	Dongfeng	Changan	SAIC	GAC	BAIC	JAC	Chery	Seres
2010	1,038,290	607,068	1,239,990	1,424,513	45,065	682,895	442,547	750,456	226,198	–
2011	907,337	654,991	1,025,233	1,433,387	44,056	664,812	466,459	729,497	243,053
2012	718,327	611,446	1,053,645	1,659,973	71,505	683,991	448,813	653,476	202,991
2013	723,969	709,470	1,152,537	1,884,112	124,001	866,994	495,737	561,062	205,019
2014	627,006	715,344	1,363,487	2,051,240	146,694	864,783	446,802	570,718	277,000
2015	505,849	690,531	1,504,936	2,272,961	207,890	827,170	588,052	575,108	275,316
2016	505,711	779,298	1,682,741	2,533,586	375,723	988,109	643,342	682,474	381,636
2017	572,862	810,407	1,597,543	2,811,224	508,797	837,129	510,892	604,708	400,038
2018	543,986	664,313	1,270,100	2,957,136	535,323	701,754	462,477	752,759	347,837
2019	589,832	661,585	1,331,802	2,621,117	384,792	743,614	421,241	747,806	325,381
2020	779,403	725,475	1,503,604	2,575,775	353,597	790,241	456,125	731,117	273,590
2021	846,803	819,172	1,754,707	2,845,309	447,207	760,476	524,224	961,926	266,614
2022	555,406	743,032	1,874,569	2,779,123	633,704	570,681	500,401	1,232,727	267,246	76,180
2023	732,328	671,702	2,097,794	2,804,845	886,508	821,033	592,499	1,881,316	253,181	95,279
2024	813,632	765,242	2,226,489	2,429,925	789,475	872,362	403,094	2,603,916	497,008	444,956
2025	940,080	866,734	2,468,197	2,948,518	613,563	1,070,000	384,071	2,806,393	516,860		589,107

Year	Privately owned
Geely	BYD	GWM	Leapmotor	Xpeng	Li Auto	Nio	Xiaomi
2010	425,194	521,761	415,779	–	–	–	–	–
2011	857,006	454,676	518,965
2012	905,083	462,512	672,234
2013	979,691	514,188	803,449
2014	878,818	446,329	767,825
2015	1,025,287	451,868	871,315
2016	1,333,077	510,157	1,086,639
2017	1,938,057	421,158	1,085,654
2018	2,276,846	528,298	1,072,529	482	11,348
2019	2,194,145	467,960	1,097,451	1,000	16,608	1,000	20,565
2020	2,150,134	431,447	1,111,598	10,266	27,041	33,457	43,728
2021	2,189,409	749,325	1,280,993	43,121	98,155	90,491	91,429
2022	2,312,613	1,881,669	1,067,523	111,168	120,757	133,246	122,486
2023	2,790,000	3,024,417	1,230,704	144,155	141,601	376,030	160,038
2024	3,336,534	4,272,145	1,233,292	251,207	190,068	500,508	221,970	135,000
2025	4,116,321	4,602,436	1,323,672	596,555	429,445	406,343	326,028	410,000

Foreign and joint venture manufacturers

Following the reform and opening up, from 1994 to 2018, Chinese automotive policy mandated that foreign carmakers had to establish joint ventures (JVs) with a Chinese counterpart to produce vehicles in the country, with the Chinese partner owning at least 50% of the venture. This measure was implemented to protect local manufacturers and provide it with the chance to bridge the technology gap and develop their brands.

On April 17, 2018, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) of China announced that foreign ownership limits on automakers would be phased out over a five-year period. On 28 July 2018, China lifted foreign ownership restrictions on new energy vehicle production, which benefited American electric car manufacturer Tesla, Inc. The company established a plant in Shanghai, becoming the first foreign automaker to open a wholly owned manufacturing facility in China. The liberalization was followed by commercial vehicles in 2020 and passenger cars in 2022. The rule prohibiting foreign automakers from setting up more than two joint ventures in China was also lifted in 2022. Therefore, it became legally possible for foreign automakers to buy out local partners from joint ventures. In 2022, BMW and Volkswagen had acquired 75% stake in their joint ventures.

Foreign manufacturers

The following are foreign manufacturers that operate in China either through wholly owned manufacturing plants or joint ventures where they own more than 50 percent of the shares.

• Tesla • Gigafactory Shanghai (Tesla is the first 100% foreign-owned car manufacturer in Chinese mainland) • Toyota • Lexus Shanghai (second 100% foreign-owned car manufacturer in Chinese mainland) • BMW • BMW China (former 50–50 joint venture with Brilliance Auto Group, a majority 75% stake was acquired by BMW in 2022) • Volkswagen • Volkswagen Anhui (former 50–50 joint venture with JAC, a majority 78.52% stake was acquired by Volkswagen in 2020) • Audi-FAW NEV (Audi AG and Volkswagen Group hold 60% majority of stake) • Ford • Ford Beyond (JMC Ford Technology, Ford holds 65.32% majority of stake indirectly)

Summary

<table><thead><tr><th>Company</th><th>Marques</th><th>Foreign-branded JVs</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Central state-owned manufacturers</td></tr><tr><td>FAW</td><td>Hongqi, Jiefang, Bestune</td><td>FAW-Toyota, FAW-Volkswagen (Volkswagen, Audi, Jetta)</td></tr><tr><td>Dongfeng</td><td>M-Hero, Voyah, Aeolus, Forthing, Nammi</td><td>Dongfeng-Honda (Honda, Lingxi), Dongfeng-Nissan (Nissan, Infiniti, Venucia), Dongfeng-Peugeot Citroën</td></tr><tr><td>Changan</td><td>Changan, Avatr, Deepal, Kaicene</td><td>Changan Ford (Ford, Lincoln), Changan Mazda, Changan Ford NEV</td></tr><tr><td>Local state-owned manufacturers</td></tr><tr><td>SAIC</td><td>IM, SAIC, MG, Roewe/Rising Auto, Maxus, Baojun/Wuling (under SGMW)</td><td>SAIC-Volkswagen (Volkswagen, Audi, AUDI), SAIC-General Motors (Buick, Chevrolet, Cadillac)</td></tr><tr><td>GAC</td><td>Hyptec, Trumpchi, Aion</td><td>GAC-Toyota, GAC-Honda</td></tr><tr><td>BAIC</td><td>Arcfox, Stelato, Beijing, Beijing Off-road, Foton</td><td>Beijing-Benz, Beijing-Hyundai</td></tr><tr><td>JAC</td><td>JAC, JAC Yiwei, JAC Refine, Maextro</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>State-private mixed ownership manufacturers</td></tr><tr><td>Chery</td><td>Chery, Exeed, Jetour, iCar, Luxeed, Jaecoo, Omoda, Aiqar, Lepas, Freelander</td><td>Chery-Jaguar Land Rover</td></tr><tr><td>Seres</td><td>AITO, Seres, Ruichi, Fengon, DFSK</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hozon</td><td>Neta</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Major Privately owned manufacturers</td></tr><tr><td>Geely</td><td>Geely, Livan, Lynk & Co, Zeekr, Volvo Cars, Polestar, Lotus, LEVC, Farizon, Radar, Ji Yue, Smart, Proton</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BYD</td><td>BYD Auto, Yangwang, Denza, Fangchengbao, Linghui</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Great Wall</td><td>GWM, Haval, Wey, Tank, Ora</td><td>Mini (Spotlight)</td></tr><tr><td>Leapmotor</td><td>Leapmotor</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xiaomi</td><td>Xiaomi Auto</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Li Auto</td><td>Li</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xpeng</td><td>Xpeng, XPeng AeroHT</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nio</td><td>Nio, Onvo, Firefly</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Joint venture manufacturers

The following are foreign manufacturers that operate in China through joint ventures where they hold a maximum of 50 percent ownership.

• Volkswagen • FAW-VW (with FAW) (Volkswagen, Jetta, Audi) • SAIC-VW (with SAIC) (Volkswagen, Audi, AUDI) • General Motors • SAIC-GM (with SAIC) (Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet) • SAIC-GM-Wuling (with Guangxi Auto, SAIC) • Ford • Changan Ford (with Changan) (Ford, Lincoln) • Jiangling Motors (with JMCG) (Ford, JMC) • Changan Ford New Energy (with Changan) • Stellantis • Dongfeng PSA (with Dongfeng) (Peugeot, Citroën) • Leapmotor International (with Leapmotor) • Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi • Dongfeng Nissan (with Dongfeng) (Nissan, Infiniti, Venucia) • Zhengzhou Nissan (with Dongfeng) (Nissan, Fengdu) • JMEV (with JMCG) • eGT New Energy Automotive (with Dongfeng) • Toyota • FAW Toyota (with FAW) • GAC Toyota (with GAC) • Mercedes-Benz • Beijing Benz (with BAIC) • Fujian Benz (with BAIC, Fujian Motors) • BMW • Spotlight Automotive (Mini, with Great Wall Motor) • Honda • Dongfeng Honda (with Dongfeng) • GAC Honda (with GAC) • Hyundai-Kia • Jiangsu Yueda Kia Motors (with Yueda) • Beijing Hyundai (with BAIC) • Isuzu • Jiangxi Isuzu (with JMCG) • Qingling Motors (with Qingling) • Tata • Chery Jaguar Land Rover (with Chery) • Mazda • Changan Mazda (with Changan)

Reversed joint ventures and cooperation

Automobile manufacturers and brands of China

In the 1990s, Chinese automakers pursued Western technology through joint ventures. However, a reversal occurred in the 2020s, with Western manufacturers now seeking technological assistance from Chinese counterparts and invested in China through joint ventures. Several Chinese electric vehicle startups have leveraged their technological advantages, attracting investments from traditional Western automotive giants such as Renault-Nissan, VW, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota and Stellantis.

• In 2017, Renault-Nissan and Dongfeng set up a joint venture called "eGT New Energy Automotive" to produce A-segment EV. • In 2019, Mercedes-Benz announced the establishment of a joint venture partnership with Chinese automaker Geely. Geely acquired 50% of Smart brand to produce EVs based on Geely's SEA platform. • In July 2019, Renault Group announced a capital injection of 1 billion yuan to acquire a 50% stake in JMEV, an EV subsidiary of Jiangling Motors Corporation. • In 2020, BMW and Great Wall Motor invested RMB 5.1 billion on a joint venture Spotlight Automotive to produce the Mini brand EV using the technology of Great Wall Motor. • In 2020, Toyota announced its joint venture with Chinese manufacturer BYD. The joint venture was set to assist technical know-how for Toyota's EV development and supply the battery, electric motor and electronic control unit for Toyota's EV. Toyota bZ3, the first electric sedan of Toyota, was built under the assistance of BYD with its technology. • In July 2023, Audi and SAIC announced their partnership that the EV platform from IM Motors, the brand of SAIC, will be introduced into Audi's electric models. • In July 2023, Volkswagen Group announced its investment of $700 million in XPeng, the EV startup venture from China, for purchasing 4.99% stake of the company. The VW will collaborate with XPeng to develop two VW brand electric models for the mid-size segment in the Chinese market in 2026. • In August 2023, Geely and Renault decided to set a joint venture codenamed Horse with each entity holding 50% stake, to manufacture internal combustion engine (ICE) and hybrid powertrains for Renault, Nissan and Mitsubishi vehicle with Geely's technology. • In September 2023, Ford and Changan announced to establish a new joint venture Changan Ford NEV, to produce and distribute Ford vehicles based on Changan's technology of electric vehicle. Changan holds 70% stake in the JV while Ford holds 30%. • In October 2023, Stellantis announced its investment to Leapmotor at the price of 1.5 billion euro, acquiring 20% of Leapmotor for the support of technology to produce EVs. • In November 2023, South Korean manufacturer KG Mobility, formerly SsangYong Motor, signed a cooperation with BYD, that BYD would supply battery pack and hybrid powertrain for KG Mobility's electrified SUV and pickup truck. • In June 2024, Jaguar Land Rover and Chery signed a letter of intent to create a new EV brand called Freelander that will be based on an EV platform from Exeed. • In October 2024, KG Mobility signed an agreement with Chery to co-develop electrified vehicles for global markets. KG Mobility will receive the T2X platform developed by Chery. • In November 2025, Nissan Import & Export (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. was established. This company is the first joint venture vehicle import and export entity set up by a foreign-funded automotive company in China. Nissan holds a 60% stake, while Dongfeng Motor Group holds the remaining 40%. The Dongfeng Nissan N7 and Frontier Pro PHEV will be the first models developed locally in China for export to overseas markets.

<table><thead><tr><th>Year</th><th>Foreign manufacturer</th><th>Chinese manufacturer</th><th>Reversed joint venture / collaboration</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>2017</td><td>Renault/Nissan</td><td>Dongfeng</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>eGT New Energy Automotive (25:25:50)</td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>Renault</td><td>JMCG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>JMEV (50:37)</td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>Mercedes-Benz</td><td>Geely</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Smart Automobile (50:50)</td></tr><tr><td>2020</td><td>BMW</td><td>Great Wall Motor</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spotlight Automotive (50:50)</td></tr><tr><td>2020</td><td>Toyota</td><td>BYD</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BYD Toyota EV Technology (50:50)</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>Volkswagen Group</td><td>XPeng</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>Audi</td><td>SAIC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>Stellantis</td><td>Leapmotor</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leapmotor International (51:49)</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>Renault</td><td>Geely</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Horse (50:50)</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>Ford</td><td>Changan</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Changan Ford NEV (30:70)</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>KG Mobility</td><td>BYD</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2024</td><td>Jaguar Land Rover</td><td>Chery</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2024</td><td>KG Mobility</td><td>Chery</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2025</td><td>Nissan</td><td>Dongfeng</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nissan Import & Export (Guangzhou)(60:40)</td></tr></tbody></table>

Chinese technology industry involvement in the automotive industry

Automobile manufacturers and brands of China

Since the 2020s, Chinese technology corporations such as Huawei, Baidu, and DJI, with their advanced software or hardware technological capabilities, started entering the automotive business through various approaches.

Huawei's partnership with automobile manufacturers has taken the form of three business models, from the standardized parts supply model, the "Huawei Inside" (HI) model, and the Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA). Baidu and DJI have provided autonomous driving system and hardware to automotive manufacturers. Qihoo 360 invested in the Chinese EV startup company Hozon Auto. Geely collaborates with Baidu to set up joint venture brands, and acquired Chinese smartphone company Meizu for its Polestar and Lynk & Co brands with its auto OS and AR system. Xiaomi is the first and the only Chinese tech company that is directly involved in automotive design, development and manufacturing, and operates its factory in Beijing.

<table><thead><tr><th>Tech company</th><th>Manufacturer</th><th>Collaborating brand</th><th>Note</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Huawei (HIMA)</td><td>Seres Group</td><td>AITO</td><td>Collaborates under the Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA) model. Huawei provides a complete set of vehicle solutions and participates in product definition, design, marketing, user experience, quality control and delivery, while the manufacturers are responsible for vehicle manufacturing.</td></tr><tr><td>Chery</td><td>Luxeed</td></tr><tr><td>JAC Group</td><td>Maextro</td></tr><tr><td>BAIC BluePark</td><td>Stelato</td></tr><tr><td>SAIC Motor</td><td>SAIC</td></tr><tr><td>Xiaomi</td><td>Xiaomi Auto</td><td>Directly invests and is involved in automotive design, development and manufacturing.</td></tr><tr><td>Baidu</td><td>Dongfeng</td><td>Voyah</td><td>Baidu equips Dongfeng's electric vehicle brand, Voyah, with its Apollo autonomous driving system.</td></tr><tr><td>Geely</td><td>Jidu Auto / Ji Yue</td><td>Baidu and Geely have established two joint venture companies, Jidu Auto for automotive technology, and Ji Yue for car manufacturing.</td></tr><tr><td>DJI</td><td>SAIC-GM-Wuling</td><td>Baojun</td><td>DJI provides its autonomous driving system for several brands, including Baojun, Volkswagen, and iCar.</td></tr><tr><td>Volkswagen</td></tr><tr><td>Chery</td><td>iCar</td></tr><tr><td>Qihoo 360</td><td>Hozon</td><td>Neta</td><td>Collaborates in a form of investment.</td></tr><tr><td>Meizu</td><td>Geely</td><td>Lynk & Co, Polestar</td><td>Meizu provides an auto OS called Flyme Auto OS, and an AR system.</td></tr></tbody></table>

Major autonomous driving solution companies

• Yinwang (Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd, Chinese: 深圳引望智能技术有限公司) is a company of Huawei which specialized in providing parts and hardware and software solutions for automotive manufacturers. The company was formerly known as Huawei Intelligent Automotive Solution (HIAS, Chinese: 华为智能汽车解决方案), the automobile business unit of Huawei.The company is deeply involved in China's automotive industry, providing autonomous driving solutions for most manufacturers and brands. • Momenta (Momenta Global Limited) is a developer of autonomous driving technology based in Beijing and Suzhou. Founded in 2016, it is backed and invested by multiple manufacturers including SAIC, GM, Toyota and Mercedes-Benz. • Qianli Technology (Chongqing Qianli Technology Co., Ltd Chinese: 重庆千里科技股份有限公司), formerly known as Lifan Technology (Group) Co., Ltd. (力帆科技（集团）股份有限公司), is a Chinese technology company specializing in the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and automotive technologies. Headquartered in Chongqing, the companies is mostly owned by Geely and is the major provider of autonomous driving solution for the Geely Group. • Zhuoyu Technology (Shenzhen Zhuoyu Technology Co., Ltd, Chinese: 卓驭科技), formerly known as DJI Automotive, is a autonomous driving solution company invested by FAW Group and DJI. The company was originally established as DJI's automotive division in 2016 before being spun off as an independent entity in 2023. • Horizon Robotics (Chinese: 地平线) is a Chinese technology company headquartered in Beijing. The company develops artificial intelligence (AI) chips used in self-driving cars and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). The company is the major autonomous driving solution provider of Li Auto, SAIC, BYD and Chery. • DeepRoute.ai (Chinese:元戎启行), is a Chinese autonomous driving company founded in 2019 and headquartered in Shenzhen, China. The company is invested and backed by GWM.

Statistics

Automobile manufacturers and brands of China

Year	Chinese brand passenger vehicle sales	Domestic share of Chinese brand passenger vehicles	Global passenger vehicle sales	Global share of Chinese brand passenger vehicles
2010	6,273,000	45.6%	58,239,494	10.77%
2011	6,112,200	42.2%	59,897,273	10.20%
2012	6,485,000	41.9%	63,081,024	10.28%
2013	7,222,000	40.3%	65,745,403	10.98%
2014	7,518,000	38.1%	67,782,035	11.09%
2015	8,737,600	41.3%	68,539,516	12.75%
2016	10,529,000	43.2%	72,105,435	14.60%
2017	10,847,000	43.9%	73,456,531	14.77%
2018	9,890,000	42.1%	70,498,388	14.03%
2019	8,470,000	39.2%	64,033,463	13.23%
2020	7,749,000	38.4%	53,915,928	14.37%
2021	9,543,000	44.4%	56,437,803	16.91%
2022	11,766,000	49.9%	57,485,378	20.47%
2023	14,596,000	56%	65,272,367	22.36%
2024	17,970,000	65.2%	67,542,081	26.61%
2025	20,936,000	69.5%

<table><thead><tr><th>Year</th><th>Production</th><th>Global share</th><th>Milestones</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1955</td><td>61</td><td></td><td>Foundation of the First Automobile Works (FAW)</td></tr><tr><td>1960</td><td>22,574</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1970</td><td>87,166</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1978</td><td>149,062</td><td></td><td>Beginning of the reform and opening up</td></tr><tr><td>1985</td><td>443,377</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1990</td><td>509,242</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1995</td><td>1,452,697</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2002</td><td>3,250,000</td><td>5.6%</td><td>Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO)</td></tr><tr><td>2005</td><td>5,710,000</td><td>8.6%</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2009</td><td>13,790,000</td><td>25.0%</td><td>Surpassed the United States as the world's largest automobile producer</td></tr><tr><td>2010</td><td>18,260,000</td><td>24.2%</td><td>Largest number of cars produced by any nation</td></tr><tr><td>2015</td><td>24,500,000</td><td>27.43%</td><td>Became the world's largest EV producer</td></tr><tr><td>2017</td><td>29,020,000</td><td>30.19%</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td>27,021,000</td><td>31.8%</td><td>Surpassed Germany as the world's second largest car exporter</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>30,161,000</td><td>32.4%</td><td>Surpassed Japan as the world's largest car exporter</td></tr><tr><td>2024</td><td>31,436,000</td><td>33.0%</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2025</td><td>34,531,000</td><td></td><td>Chinese brands vehicles surpass Japanese brands globally in volume</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th>Region</th><th>Production share</th><th>Provincial</th><th>Production volume in 2023</th><th>Capacity utilization</th><th>Chinese brands</th><th>Foreign brands</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Yangtze Delta</td><td>28.1%</td><td>Anhui</td><td>2,250,743</td><td>67.0%</td><td>Chery, BYD, Changan, Sehol, JAC, Jetour</td><td>Land Rover, Jaguar</td></tr><tr><td>Jiangsu</td><td>1,837,252</td><td>39.3%</td><td>Li Auto, BYD, Ora, Roewe, MG, Maxus, Deepal, HiPhi</td><td>Volkwagen, Kia, Mazda</td></tr><tr><td>Shanghai</td><td>1,810,679</td><td>69.6%</td><td>IM Motors, Roewe, Rising, BYD</td><td>Cadillac, Audi, Tesla, Buick, Mercedes-Benz</td></tr><tr><td>Zhejiang</td><td>1,368,005</td><td>29.7%</td><td>Geely, Zeekr, Geely Galaxy, Lynk & Co, Polestar, Aion, Neta, Leapmotor, BYD</td><td>Volkswagen, Volvo, Ford</td></tr><tr><td>Central</td><td>14.8%</td><td>Hubei</td><td>1,585,294</td><td>41.4%</td><td>Voyah, M-Hero, Aeolus, Trumpchi, Tank</td><td>Honda, Nissan, Infiniti, Buick, Chevrolet, Dacia</td></tr><tr><td>Hunan</td><td>1,009,720</td><td>42.1%</td><td>BYD, Denza, Geely, Beijing</td><td>Volkswagen</td></tr><tr><td>Henan</td><td>811,836</td><td>37.4%</td><td>MG, Jetour, Roewe, BYD, Fangchengbao</td><td>Venucia</td></tr><tr><td>Jiangxi</td><td>431,244</td><td>26.3%</td><td>BYD, Trumpchi, JMC</td><td>Ford</td></tr><tr><td>Chuan-Yu</td><td>9.6%</td><td>Chongqing</td><td>1,698,586</td><td>34.9%</td><td>Changan, Avatr, Deepal, Oshan, Tank, Jinbei, AITO, Seres, Landian, Livan, Wuling, Baojun</td><td>Ford, Lincoln</td></tr><tr><td>Sichuan</td><td>782,924</td><td>43.3%</td><td>Zeekr, Lynk & Co, Kaiyi</td><td>Volvo, Toyota, Volkswagen, Jetta</td></tr><tr><td>Pearl River Delta</td><td>13.2%</td><td>Guangdong</td><td>3,418,749</td><td>65.5%</td><td>Trumpchi, Aion, BYD, Xpeng, Beijing</td><td>Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Audi, Volkswagen</td></tr><tr><td>Jing-Jin-Ji</td><td>9.8%</td><td>Tianjin</td><td>1,075,244</td><td>71.1%</td><td>Haval</td><td>Volkswagen, Audi, Toyota</td></tr><tr><td>Beijing</td><td>912,003</td><td>45.6%</td><td>Changan, Beijing, Xiaomi, Li Auto</td><td>Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai</td></tr><tr><td>Hebei</td><td>542,214</td><td>35.0%</td><td>Haval, Wey, Lynk & Co</td><td>Hyundai</td></tr><tr><td>Northeast</td><td>10.5%</td><td>Jilin</td><td>1,450,020</td><td>65.0%</td><td>Hongqi, Bestune</td><td>Volkswagen, Audi, Toyota</td></tr><tr><td>Liaoning</td><td>1,197,285</td><td>64.9%</td><td>Chery</td><td>BMW, Nissan, Infiniti, Buick</td></tr><tr><td>Heilongjiang</td><td>83,876</td><td>52.4%</td><td></td><td>Volvo, Ford</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>14.0%</td><td>Shaanxi</td><td>1,255,307</td><td>85.1</td><td>BYD, Yangwang, Denza, Smart</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Guangxi</td><td>882,892</td><td>36.8%</td><td>Guangxi Auto, Forthing</td><td>Chevrolet</td></tr><tr><td>Shandong</td><td>849,469</td><td>36.5%</td><td>BYD, Wuling</td><td>Volkswagen, Audi, Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet</td></tr><tr><td>Fujian</td><td>287,021</td><td>44.5%</td><td>MG</td><td>Mercedes-Benz</td></tr><tr><td>Shanxi</td><td>164,188</td><td>54.7%</td><td>Geely Geometry</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Inner Mongolia</td><td>89,775</td><td>89.8%</td><td>Chery</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Guizhou</td><td>51,529</td><td>16.6%</td><td>Geely</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xinjiang</td><td>40,789</td><td>40.8%</td><td>Trumpchi</td><td>Volkswagen</td></tr><tr><td>Hainan</td><td>12,871</td><td>2.9%</td><td>Haima</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Yunnan</td><td>3,387</td><td>3.4%</td><td>JMEV</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Etymology of major manufacturers

Automobile manufacturers and brands of China

<table><thead><tr><th>Trade name in English</th><th>Common name in Chinese</th><th>Literal meaning in Chinese</th><th>Note</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Central State-owned manufacturers</td></tr><tr><td>FAW</td><td>一汽</td><td>abbreviation for First Automotive Works</td><td>First automotive manufacturer of the People's Republic of China</td></tr><tr><td>Dongfeng</td><td>东风</td><td>'the East Wind'</td><td>Taken from Mao Zedong's famous saying "The east wind shalll prevail over the west wind", which means that the power of socialism will surely defeat the power of capitalism.</td></tr><tr><td>Changan</td><td>长安</td><td>'Long-lasting peace'</td><td>Originated from "Chongqing Changan Arsenal", the predecessor entity in defense industry in 1950s. Changan is also the ancient name for the capital of Tang Dynasty.</td></tr><tr><td>Local State-owned manufacturers</td></tr><tr><td>SAIC</td><td>上汽</td><td>abbreviation for Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation</td><td>Location of the manufacturer</td></tr><tr><td>GAC</td><td>广汽</td><td>abbreviation for Guangzhou Automobile Group</td><td>Location of the manufacturer</td></tr><tr><td>BAIC</td><td>北汽</td><td>abbreviation for Beijing Automotive Industry Corporation</td><td>Location of the manufacturer</td></tr><tr><td>JAC</td><td>江淮</td><td>abbreviation for Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Corp</td><td>Location of the manufacturer. Jianghuai refers to the northern Jiangsu and northern and central Anhui, where JAC located.</td></tr><tr><td>State-private mixed ownership manufacturer</td></tr><tr><td>Seres</td><td>赛力斯</td><td>'China'</td><td>Derived from the Ancient Greek word Σῆρες, which means 'China'</td></tr><tr><td>Chery</td><td>奇瑞</td><td>'unexpected and auspicious'</td><td>Named by Yin Tongyue, the company's first technical director</td></tr><tr><td>Privately owned manufacturers</td></tr><tr><td>Geely</td><td>吉利</td><td>'auspicious, propitious'</td><td>Phonetic transliteration of the company's native name 吉利</td></tr><tr><td>BYD</td><td>比亚迪</td><td>abbreviation for Build Your Dream</td><td>Originated from Yadi Electronics, the company's initial name, the character bi (比) was added to the name to prevent duplication, and to provide the company with an alphabetical advantage in trade shows. The backronymic slogan "Build Your Dreams" was adopted starting in 2008.</td></tr><tr><td>GMW</td><td>长城</td><td>'the Great Wall'</td><td>Name by Wei Jianjun, the company's founder</td></tr><tr><td>Li Auto</td><td>理想</td><td>'ideal'</td><td>Homophone of its founder, Li Xiang.</td></tr><tr><td>XPeng</td><td>小鹏</td><td>'Little Peng' (a gigantic bird in Chinese myth)</td><td>Derived from the given name of the founder He Xiaopeng</td></tr><tr><td>Nio</td><td>蔚来</td><td>'Future' (homophone)</td><td>"N" stands for new era, "I" for innovation, and "O" for openness</td></tr><tr><td>Leapmotor</td><td>零跑</td><td>'Leading the race' (homophone)</td><td>零 in Chinese means 'zero', which represents the vision of zero emissions, zero accidents, and zero traffic jams.</td></tr></tbody></table>