Antonov An-28

Antonov An-28

The Antonov An-28 (NATO reporting name Cash) is a twin-engined light turboprop transport aircraft, developed from the Antonov An-14M. It was the winner of a competition against the Beriev Be-30, for use by Aeroflot as a short-range airliner. It first flew in 1969. A total of 191 were built and 16 remain in airline service as at August 2015. After a short pre-production series built by Antonov, it was licence-built in Poland by PZL-Mielec. In 1993, PZL-Mielec developed its own improved variant, the PZL M28 Skytruck.

Development

Antonov An-28

The An-28 is similar to the An-14 in many aspects, including its wing structure and twin rudders, but features an expanded fuselage and turboprop engines, in place of the An-14's piston engines. The An-28 first flew as a modified An-14 in 1969. The next preproduction model did not fly until 1975. In passenger carrying configuration, accommodation was provided for up to 15 people, in addition to the two-man crew. Production was transferred to PZL-Mielec in 1978. The first Polish-built aircraft did not fly until 1984. The An-28 finally received its Soviet type certificate in 1986.

Variants

Antonov An-28

An-14A: The original Antonov designation for an enlarged, twin-turboprop version of the An-14. An-14M: Prototype. An-28: Twin-engined short-range utility transport aircraft, three built. An-28RM Bryza 1RM: Search and rescue, air ambulance aircraft. An-28TD Bryza 1TD: Transport version. An-28PT: Variant made in Poland with Pratt & Whitney PT6 engines first flown 22 July 1993.

Operators

Civil operators

An-28 on USSR postal stamp

Major operators of the 16 Antonov An-28 aircraft remaining in airline service include:

• Vostok Airlines (3) • SiLA (3)

Former civilian operators

• Air Livonia • Enimex

• Kyrgyzstan Airlines (5)

• Blue Wing Airlines (formerly operated five with three lost in crashes on 3 April 2008, 15 October 2009, and 15 May 2010)

Military operators

• Georgian Air Force – two as of December 2016.

• Tanzania Air Force Command – one as of December 2016.

Former military operators

• Djibouti Air Force two retired.

• Peruvian Army two in storage

Former operators

• Aeroflot • Soviet Air Force

Notable accidents and incidents

Antonov An-28

19 October 1992: Aeroflot Flight 302 stalled and crashed shortly after takeoff from Ust-Nem, Russia following a loss of control due to engine failure, killing 15 of 16 on board. 29 December 1999: Ecuato Guineana (3C-JJI) An-28 crashed into the Black Sea off İnebolu, killing all six people on board. 23 November 2001: ELK Airways Flight 1007, an An-28 ES-NOV operated by Enimex, struck trees and crashed about 1.5 km from the airport while attempting to land in bad weather at Kärdla Airport, Estonia. Of the 14 passengers and 3 crew on board, 2 passengers were killed. 29 August 2002: Vostok Aviation Company Flight 359 struck a mountain slope near Ayan, Russia after the pilot descended too soon during the approach to Ayan, killing all 16 on board. 3 August 2006: A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 (9Q-COM) struck a mountainside in low cloud while descending for Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing all 17 on board. 3 April 2008: A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crashed upon landing near Benzdorp in Suriname. All 19 on board were killed. 15 October 2009: A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 overran the runway on landing at Kwamelasemoetoe Airstrip, Suriname and hit an obstacle. The aircraft was substantially damaged and four people were injured, one seriously. 15 May 2010: A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crashed over the upper Marowijne district approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Poketi, Suriname. The two pilots and six passengers died. 30 January 2012: A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 crashed while on a domestic cargo flight from Bukavu-Kamenbe Airport to Namoya Airstrip, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing three of the five crew. 12 September 2012: Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 crashed while on a domestic flight from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Palana Airport, killing ten of 14 people. 16 July 2021: SiLA Airlines Flight 42 force-landed and crashed upside-down in the Bakcharsky District, Tomsk Oblast, Russia after both engines failed due to icing; all 18 on board survived. 27 February 2022: An An-28 was damaged by Russian artillery during the attack on Hostomel.

Specifications (An-28)

Antonov An-28

Comparison of the An-14 and the An-28

• Crew: 2 • Capacity: • 17 passengers or • 1,750 kg (3,860 lb) • Length: 13.10 m (43 ft 0 in) • Wingspan: 22.06 m (72 ft 5 in) • Height: 4.90 m (16 ft 1 in) • Wing area: 39.72 m2 (427.5 sq ft) • Aspect ratio: 12.3 • Airfoil: TsAGI R-II-14 (14% thickness) • Empty weight: 3,900 kg (8,598 lb) • Max takeoff weight: 6,500 kg (14,330 lb) • Fuel capacity: 1,960 L (430 imp gal; 520 US gal) • Powerplant: 2 × Glushenkov TVD-10B turboprop engines, 720 kW (960 shp) each • Propellers: 3-bladed AW-24AN, 2.80 m (9 ft 2 in) diameter

• Maximum speed: 350 km/h (220 mph, 190 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft) • Cruise speed: 335 km/h (208 mph, 181 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft) • Never exceed speed: 390 km/h (240 mph, 210 kn) • Range: 1,365 km (848 mi, 737 nmi) (max fuel, 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) payload) • Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft) • g limits: +3 • Rate of climb: 8.3 m/s (1,640 ft/min) • Take-off run to 10.7 m (35 ft): 410 m (1,350 ft) • Landing run from 15 m (50 ft): 315 m (1,033 ft)