2028 United States Senate elections

The 2028 United States Senate elections will be held on November 7, 2028, with 34 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested in regular elections, the winners of which will serve 6-year terms in the United States Congress from January 3, 2029, to January 3, 2035, which will include the entire term of the president who wins the 2028 presidential election and the first two years of the 2032 presidential election winner's term. Senators are divided into 3 classes whose terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every other year. Class 3 senators were last elected in (/wiki/2022UnitedStatesSenateelections), and will be up for election again in 2028. These elections will run concurrently with the 2028 United States presidential election.

Source: Wikipedia

Article

2028 United States Senate elections

Partisan composition

2028 United States Senate elections

All 34 Class 3 Senate seats are up for election in 2028; Class 3 currently consists of 19 Republicans and 15 Democrats. If vacancies occur in Class 1 or Class 2 Senate seats, that state might require a special election to take place during the 120th Congress, possibly concurrently with the other 2028 Senate elections.

Change in composition

2028 United States Senate elections

Each block represents one of the one hundred seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic senator and "R#" is a Republican senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

Before the elections

Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.

<table><thead><tr><th>D1</th><th>D2</th><th>D3</th><th>D4</th><th>D5</th><th>D6</th><th>D7</th><th>D8</th><th>D9</th><th>D10</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>D20 Ariz. Undeclared</td><td>D19 Ore. Running</td><td>D18 Nev. Undeclared</td><td>D17</td><td>D16</td><td>D15</td><td>D14</td><td>D13</td><td>D12</td><td>D11</td></tr><tr><td>D21 Colo. Undeclared</td><td>D22 Conn. Undeclared</td><td>D23 Calif. Undeclared</td><td>D24 Ga. Undeclared</td><td>D25 Hawaii Undeclared</td><td>D26 Ill. Undeclared</td><td>D27 Md. Undeclared</td><td>D28 N.H. Undeclared</td><td>D29 N.Y. Undeclared</td><td>D30 Pa. Undeclared</td></tr><tr><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>I2</td><td>I1</td><td>D32 Wash. Running</td><td>D31 Vt. Undeclared</td></tr><tr><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td></tr><tr><td>Majority →</td></tr><tr><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td></tr><tr><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>R21 Kans. Undeclared</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>R22 Ky. Undeclared</td><td>R23 La. Undeclared</td><td>R24 Mo. Undeclared</td><td>R25 N.C. Running</td><td>R26 N.D. Undeclared</td><td>R27 Okla. Undeclared</td><td>R31 S.C. Running</td><td>R28 S.D. Undeclared</td><td>R29 Utah Undeclared</td><td>R30 Wisc. Undeclared</td></tr><tr><td>R20 Iowa Undeclared</td><td>R19 Ind. Undeclared</td><td>R18 Idaho Undeclared</td><td>R17 Ark. Undeclared</td><td>R16 Alaska Undeclared</td><td>R15 Ala. Undeclared</td><td>R14</td><td>R13</td><td>R12</td><td>R11</td></tr><tr><td>R1</td><td>R2</td><td>R3</td><td>R4</td><td>R5</td><td>R6</td><td>R7</td><td>R8</td><td>R9</td><td>R10</td></tr></tbody></table>

After the elections

<table><thead><tr><th>D1</th><th>D2</th><th>D3</th><th>D4</th><th>D5</th><th>D6</th><th>D7</th><th>D8</th><th>D9</th><th>D10</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>I2</td><td>I1</td><td>D17</td><td>D16</td><td>D15</td><td>D14</td><td>D13</td><td>D12</td><td>D11</td></tr><tr><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td></tr><tr><td>Ariz. TBD</td><td>Alaska TBD</td><td>Ala. TBD</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td></tr><tr><td>Ark. TBD</td><td>Calif. TBD</td><td>Colo. TBD</td><td>Conn. TBD</td><td>Ga. TBD</td><td>Hawaii TBD</td><td>Idaho TBD</td><td>Ill. TBD</td><td>Ind. TBD</td><td>Iowa TBD</td></tr><tr><td>Majority TBD →</td></tr><tr><td>N.C. TBD</td></tr><tr><td>N.Y. TBD</td><td>N.H. TBD</td><td>Nev. TBD</td><td>Mo. TBD</td><td>Md. TBD</td><td>La. TBD</td><td>Ky. TBD</td><td>Kans. TBD</td><td>N.D. TBD</td></tr><tr><td>Okla. TBD</td><td>Ore. TBD</td><td>Pa. TBD</td><td>S.C. TBD</td><td>S.D. TBD</td><td>Utah TBD</td><td>Vt. TBD</td><td>Wash. TBD</td><td>Wisc. TBD</td><td>TBD in 2026</td></tr><tr><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td></tr><tr><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>TBD in 2026</td><td>R14</td><td>R13</td><td>R12</td><td>R11</td></tr><tr><td>R1</td><td>R2</td><td>R3</td><td>R4</td><td>R5</td><td>R6</td><td>R7</td><td>R8</td><td>R9</td><td>R10</td></tr></tbody></table>

<table><thead><tr><th>Key</th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>D#</td><td>Democratic</td></tr><tr><td>R#</td><td>Republican</td></tr><tr><td>I#</td><td>Independent, caucusing with Democrats</td></tr></tbody></table>

Race summary

Elections leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners will be elected for the term beginning January 3, 2029.

<table><thead><tr><th>State (linked to summaries below)</th><th>Incumbent</th><th>Results</th><th>Candidates</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Senator</td><td></td><td>Electoral history</td><td>Last race</td></tr><tr><td>Alabama</td><td>Katie Britt</td><td>Republican</td><td>2022</td><td>66.6% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alaska</td><td>Lisa Murkowski</td><td>Republican</td><td>2002 (appointed) 2004 2010 2016 2022</td><td>53.7% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Arizona</td><td>Mark Kelly</td><td>Democratic</td><td>2020 (special) 2022</td><td>51.4% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Arkansas</td><td>John Boozman</td><td>Republican</td><td>2010 2016 2022</td><td>65.7% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>California</td><td>Alex Padilla</td><td>Democratic</td><td>2021 (appointed) 2022 (special) 2022</td><td>61.1% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Colorado</td><td>Michael Bennet</td><td>Democratic</td><td>2009 (appointed) 2010 2016 2022</td><td>55.9% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Connecticut</td><td>Richard Blumenthal</td><td>Democratic</td><td>2010 2016 2022</td><td>57.5% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Florida</td><td>TBD</td><td>TBD</td><td>2026 (special)</td><td>TBD</td><td>Incumbent to be determined in 2026</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Georgia</td><td>Raphael Warnock</td><td>Democratic</td><td>2021 (special) 2022</td><td>51.4% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hawaii</td><td>Brian Schatz</td><td>Democratic</td><td>2012 (appointed) 2014 (special) 2016 2022</td><td>71.2% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Idaho</td><td>Mike Crapo</td><td>Republican</td><td>1998 2004 2010 2016 2022</td><td>60.7% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Illinois</td><td>Tammy Duckworth</td><td>Democratic</td><td>2016 2022</td><td>56.8% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Indiana</td><td>Todd Young</td><td>Republican</td><td>2016 2022</td><td>58.6% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Iowa</td><td>Chuck Grassley</td><td>Republican</td><td>1980 1986 1992 1998 2004 2010 2016 2022</td><td>56.0% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Kansas</td><td>Jerry Moran</td><td>Republican</td><td>2010 2016 2022</td><td>60.0% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Kentucky</td><td>Rand Paul</td><td>Republican</td><td>2010 2016 2022</td><td>61.8% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Louisiana</td><td>John Kennedy</td><td>Republican</td><td>2016 2022</td><td>61.6% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Maryland</td><td>Chris Van Hollen</td><td>Democratic</td><td>2016 2022</td><td>65.8% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Missouri</td><td>Eric Schmitt</td><td>Republican</td><td>2022</td><td>55.4% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nevada</td><td>Catherine Cortez Masto</td><td>Democratic</td><td>2016 2022</td><td>48.8% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New Hampshire</td><td>Maggie Hassan</td><td>Democratic</td><td>2016 2022</td><td>53.5% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>New York</td><td>Chuck Schumer</td><td>Democratic</td><td>1998 2004 2010 2016 2022</td><td>56.8% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>North Carolina</td><td>Ted Budd</td><td>Republican</td><td>2022</td><td>50.5% R</td><td>Incumbent running</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>North Dakota</td><td>John Hoeven</td><td>Republican</td><td>2010 2016 2022</td><td>56.4% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ohio</td><td>TBD</td><td>TBD</td><td>2026 (special)</td><td>TBD</td><td>Incumbent to be determined in 2026</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oklahoma</td><td>James Lankford</td><td>Republican</td><td>2014 (special) 2016 2022</td><td>64.3% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oregon</td><td>Ron Wyden</td><td>Democratic</td><td>1996 (special) 1998 2004 2010 2016 2022</td><td>55.8% D</td><td>Incumbent running</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pennsylvania</td><td>John Fetterman</td><td>Democratic</td><td>2022</td><td>51.2% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>South Carolina</td><td>Tim Scott</td><td>Republican</td><td>2013 (appointed) 2014 (special) 2016 2022</td><td>62.9% R</td><td>Incumbent running</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>South Dakota</td><td>John Thune</td><td>Republican</td><td>2004 2010 2016 2022</td><td>69.6% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Utah</td><td>Mike Lee</td><td>Republican</td><td>2010 2016 2022</td><td>53.2% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vermont</td><td>Peter Welch</td><td>Democratic</td><td>2022</td><td>68.5% D</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Washington</td><td>Patty Murray</td><td>Democratic</td><td>1992 1998 2004 2010 2016 2022</td><td>57.1% D</td><td>Incumbent running</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Wisconsin</td><td>Ron Johnson</td><td>Republican</td><td>2010 2016 2022</td><td>50.4% R</td><td>Incumbent's intent unknown</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

Alabama

2028 United States Senate elections

One-term Republican Katie Britt was elected in 2022 with 66.6% of the vote.

Alaska

2028 United States Senate elections

Four-term Republican Lisa Murkowski has been a vocal critic of Donald Trump and has opposed several of his initiatives. Murkowski was censured by the Alaska Republican Party because she was one of seven Republican senators who voted to convict Trump in his second impeachment trial. She was re-elected in 2022 with 53.7% of the vote despite the Alaska Republican Party and President Donald Trump endorsing Kelly Tshibaka over her. She has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

Alaska Governor Mike Dunleavy is seen as a potential candidate in this election.

Arizona

2028 United States Senate elections

One-term Democrat Mark Kelly was elected to a full term in 2022 with 51.4% of the vote after winning a special election in 2020 to complete the remainder of Republican John McCain's term. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election, though in February 2026 he said he would "seriously consider" a run for president in 2028.

Arkansas

2028 United States Senate elections

Three-term Republican John Boozman was re-elected in 2022 with 65.7% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

California

2028 United States Senate elections

One-term Democrat Alex Padilla was elected to a first full term in 2022 with 61.1% of the vote after being appointed in 2021 to complete the term of Kamala Harris, who resigned after being elected vice president.

Colorado

2028 United States Senate elections

Three-term Democrat Michael Bennet was re-elected in 2022 with 55.9% of the vote. While he has filed paperwork to be able to run for re-election to the Senate, he is running for governor in (/wiki/2026Coloradogubernatorialelection). U.S. Representatives Joe Neguse, Jason Crow, and Brittany Pettersen are considered potential replacements for Bennet if he becomes governor. In case, there might be two ballots for the same seat: a general election, to elect a Class 3 senator to a full term beginning with the 121st United States Congress, to be sworn in on January 3, 2029; and a special election, to fill that seat for the final weeks of the 120th Congress.

Connecticut

2028 United States Senate elections

Three-term Democrat Richard Blumenthal was re-elected in 2022 with 57.5% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

Florida

2028 United States Senate elections

Three-term Republican Marco Rubio was re-elected in 2022 with 57.68% of the vote. He resigned on January 20, 2025, following his confirmation as United States Secretary of State. Governor Ron DeSantis appointed Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody as an interim successor to serve until the vacancy is filled by a special election in 2026.

Georgia

2028 United States Senate elections

One-term Democrat Raphael Warnock was elected to a full term in a 2022 runoff with 51.4% of the vote, having first been elected in a special election in a 2021 runoff to complete the remainder of Republican Johnny Isakson's term. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election. U.S. Representative Rich McCormick has expressed interest in running in the Republican primary.

Hawaii

2028 United States Senate elections

Democratic incumbent Brian Schatz was re-elected in 2022 to a second full term with 71.2% of the vote.

Idaho

2028 United States Senate elections

Five-term Republican Mike Crapo was re-elected in 2022 with 60.7% of the vote.

Illinois

2028 United States Senate elections

Two-term Democrat Tammy Duckworth was re-elected in 2022 with 56.8% of the vote. She has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

Indiana

2028 United States Senate elections

Two-term Republican Todd Young was re-elected in 2022 with 58.6% of the vote, however he received criticism from President Trump in January 2026, after he initially joined 4 other Republicans to support a Democrat-led war powers resolution to prevent the President from using military action against Venezuela. Despite Young eventually changing his vote, President Trump stated he and the other Republican senators "should never be elected to office again", meaning he could be vulnerable to a potential primary challenger.

Former member of the Indiana Senate Carlin Yoder is seen as a potential candidate in this election.

Iowa

2028 United States Senate elections

Eight-term Republican Chuck Grassley was re-elected in 2022 with 56.0% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election. As the most senior member of the Senate, Grassley will be 95 years old at the time of the election and would be 101 if he completed the full term. If he wins re-election, he would be the oldest senator to ever win an election, beating Strom Thurmond, who left office after his eighth term in 2003 at the age of 100. Senior advisor to the United States Agency for Global Media Kari Lake, who was previously the nominee governor of Arizona in (/wiki/2022Arizonagubernatorialelection) and Senate in (/wiki/2024UnitedStatesSenateelectioninArizona), has since moved back to Iowa and is viewed as a potential candidate if Grassley does not run.

Kansas

2028 United States Senate elections

Three-term Republican Jerry Moran was re-elected in 2022 with 60.0% of the vote.

Kentucky

2028 United States Senate elections

Three-term Republican Rand Paul was re-elected in 2022 with 61.8% of the vote.

Following public criticisms by President Donald Trump over Paul’s breaks with Trump-backed legislation, several outlets have reported that Trump or his allies might support a 2028 Republican primary challenge to Paul. He indicated in a March 2026 interview on CBS News Sunday Morning that he was "considering" a run for president in 2028.

Louisiana

2028 United States Senate elections

Two-term Republican John Kennedy was re-elected in 2022 with 61.6% of the vote in the first round of the "Louisiana primary".

Maryland

2028 United States Senate elections

Two-term Democrat Chris Van Hollen was re-elected in 2022 with 65.8% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

Missouri

2028 United States Senate elections

One-term Republican Eric Schmitt was elected in 2022 with 55.4% of the vote.

Nevada

2028 United States Senate elections

Two-term Democrat Catherine Cortez Masto was re-elected in 2022 with 48.8% of the vote. She has filed paperwork to seek reelection.

New Hampshire

2028 United States Senate elections

Two-term Democrat Maggie Hassan was re-elected in 2022 with 53.5% of the vote. She has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

New York

2028 United States Senate elections

Five-term Democrat and Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer was re-elected in 2022 with 56.8% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez has been seen as a possible candidate for the Democratic primary. Ocasio-Cortez has seen private support from colleagues to challenge Schumer following his support of a Republican budget bill. A Data for Progress poll found her leading Schumer 55 to 36 in a hypothetical primary. A poll by Honan Strategy Group similarly showed a 21-point lead for Ocasio-Cortez over Schumer amongst Democratic primary voters. Other potential Democratic candidates include Representatives Pat Ryan and Ritchie Torres.

North Carolina

2028 United States Senate elections

One-term Republican Ted Budd was elected in 2022 with 50.5% of the vote. He is running for re-election.

North Dakota

2028 United States Senate elections

Three-term Republican John Hoeven was re-elected in 2022 with 56.4% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

Ohio

2028 United States Senate elections

One-term Republican JD Vance was elected in 2022 with 53% of the vote. However, he resigned on January 10, 2025, shortly before assuming the office of vice president under the current second Trump administration. Governor Mike DeWine appointed Lieutenant Governor Jon Husted, and a special election will be held in (/wiki/2026UnitedStatesSenatespecialelectioninOhio).

Oklahoma

2028 United States Senate elections

Two-term Republican James Lankford was re-elected in 2022 with 64.3% of the vote. On January 29, 2024, the Oklahoma Republican Party censured Lankford for negotiating with Democrats on a potential border deal. In an interview the following month, former President Donald Trump stated that Lankford's actions are "very bad for his career" and did not rule out endorsing a primary challenger in 2028.

Oregon

2028 United States Senate elections

Five-term Democrat Ron Wyden was re-elected in 2022 with 55.8% of the vote. He is running for re-election.

Pennsylvania

2028 United States Senate elections

One-term Democrat John Fetterman was elected in 2022 with 51.2% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

Former Democratic Representative Conor Lamb has been seen as a potential primary challenger given his criticism of Fetterman amid progressive discontent with the senator for failing to adequately oppose President Trump and the Republican Party, not holding town halls and public events since the November 2024 elections, voting to confirm many of Trump's nominees, and advocating for the United States to bomb Iran while continuously and repeatedly criticizing Democrats such as condemning the party's rhetoric towards Trump. He has been a longtime rival of Fetterman and was one of his two primary opponents in (/wiki/2022UnitedStatesSenateelectioninPennsylvania#Democraticprimary). Other potential Democratic primary challengers include state representative Malcolm Kenyatta, state senator Maria Collett, Philadelphia District Attorney Larry Krasner, U.S. Representatives Brendan Boyle, Madeleine Dean, Chris Deluzio, and Chrissy Houlahan, and former U.S. Representative Susan Wild.

South Carolina

2028 United States Senate elections

Two-term Republican incumbent Tim Scott was re-elected in 2022 with 62.9% of the vote. Scott originally pledged that he would retire in 2028, before later reversing his decision and announcing a re-election bid in March 2026.

South Dakota

2028 United States Senate elections

Four-term Republican and Senate Republican Leader John Thune was re-elected in 2022 with 69.6% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

Utah

2028 United States Senate elections

Three-term Republican Mike Lee was re-elected in 2022 with 53.2% of the vote. He has filed paperwork to run for re-election.

Vermont

2028 United States Senate elections

One-term Democrat Peter Welch was elected in 2022 with 68.5% of the vote.

Washington

2028 United States Senate elections

Six-term Democrat Patty Murray was re-elected in 2022 with 57.1% of the vote. She is running for re-election.

Wisconsin

2028 United States Senate elections

Three-term Republican Ron Johnson was re-elected in 2022 with 50.4% of the vote. Though officially undecided, Johnson has indicated that he will not seek a fourth term.