Original sin
Original sin
!Depiction of the sin of [Adam and Eve (The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man by Jan Brueghel the Elder and Pieter Paul Rubens)](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/JanBruegheldeOudeenPeterPaulRubens-HetaardsparadijsmetdezondevalvanAdamenEva.jpg/500px-JanBruegheldeOudeenPeterPaulRubens-HetaardsparadijsmetdezondevalvanAdamenEva.jpg)
Original sin
The specific doctrine of original sin was developed in the 2nd century struggle against Gnosticism by Irenaeus of Lyons, and was shaped significantly by Augustine of Hippo (354–430 AD), who was the first author to use the phrase "original sin". Influenced by Augustine, the Councils of Carthage (411–418 AD) and Orange) (529 AD) brought theological speculation about original sin into the official lexicon of the Church.
Original sin
Protestant Reformers such as Martin Luther and John Calvin equated original sin with concupiscence (or 'hurtful desire'), affirming that it persisted even after baptism and completely destroyed freedom to do good, proposing that original sin involved a loss of free will except to sin. The Jansenist movement, which the Catholic Church declared heretical, also maintained that original sin destroyed freedom of will. Instead, the Catechism of the Catholic Church declares that "Baptism, by imparting the life of Christ's grace, erases original sin and turns a man back towards God, but the consequences for nature, weakened and inclined to evil, persist in man and summon him to spiritual battle", and the Council of Trent states that "whereas all men had lost their innocence in the prevarication of Adam [...] although free will, attenuated as it was in its powers, and bent down, was by no means extinguished in them."
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